ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2023
IMI-Management and Investigation of High Myopia in Infants and Young Children.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Myopia management algorithm. Annexe to the article titled Update and guidance on management of myopia. European Society of Ophthalmology in cooperation with International Myopia Institute.European journal of ophthalmology · 2024Guideline
- Visual Impairment and Blindness in Indian Myopes Aged 10-40 Years: A Multicenter Hospital-Based Study.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Optical coherence tomography characteristics in myopic children with large cup-disc ratios.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Aetiology, characteristics and workup of early onset high myopia.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in an adolescent with Kniest Dysplasia: A case report.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2026Article
- Axial length, myopia progression, and myopic maculopathy in Stickler syndrome.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- The Changing Natural History of Anisometropia: A Scoping Review.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Whole-exome sequencing for the genetic diagnosis of early-onset high myopia and associated hereditary eye disorders.BMC medical genomics · 2026Article
- Genetic Architecture of Myopia and Its Implications for Risk Stratification and Prognosis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Case Report: Long-term visual rehabilitation in extreme early-onset axial myopia complicated by retinal detachment.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Atropine-Loaded Contact Lens Sustained-Release Systems: A Narrative Review for the New Frontier for Myopia Management.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Clinical features of early-onset high myopia in Chinese children: attention to comorbidities.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Benchmark analysis of myopia-related issues using large language models: a comparison of ChatGPT-4o and deepseek.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- The prevalence and costs of optical correction for childhood myopia in Scotland.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Article
- IMI-Myopia Genetics Report.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Genetic influences on intergenerational refractive error shifts and extreme myopia.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Perspectives on Genetic and Environmental Factors in Myopia, Its Prediction, and the Future Direction of Research.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Access to Myopia Care in the United States-A Narrative Review.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Myopia is predominantly genetic or predominantly environmental?Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Article
- Clinical and Molecular Landscape of GLRA2 in X-Linked Early-Onset High Myopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 14 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology, etiology, clinical assessment, investigation, management, and visual consequences of high myopia (≤-6 diopters [D]) in infants and young children. Findings: High myopia is rare in pre-school children with a prevalence less than 1%. The etiology of myopia in such children is different than in older children, with a high rate of secondary myopia associated with prematurity or genetic causes. The priority following the diagnosis of high myopia in childhood is to determine whether there is an associated medical diagnosis that may be of greater overall importance to the health of the child through a clinical evaluation that targets the commonest features associated with syndromic forms of myopia. Biometric evaluation (including axial length and corneal curvature) is important to distinguishing axial myopia from refractive myopia associated with abnormal development of the anterior segment. Additional investigation includes ocular imaging, electrophysiological tests, genetic testing, and involvement of pediatricians and clinical geneticists is often warranted. Following investigation, optical correction is essential, but this may be more challenging and complex than in older children. Application of myopia control interventions in this group of children requires a case-by-case approach due to the lack of evidence of efficacy and clinical heterogeneity of high myopia in young children. Conclusions: High myopia in infants and young children is a rare condition with a different pattern of etiology to that seen in older children. The clinical management of such children, in terms of investigation, optical correction, and use of myopia control treatments, is a complex and often multidisciplinary process.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.