ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2023
IMI-Nonpathological Human Ocular Tissue Changes With Axial Myopia.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding the link between ocular shape and myopia: a systematic review.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- The Effect of Three-Dimensional Ocular Shape on Longitudinal Biometric Changes: A Six-Year Follow-Up Study.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Beyond Screen Time: A Measurement Framework for Behavioral Exposures in Childhood Myopia.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Regional choroidal perfusion deficits and vector-based choroidal associations in adolescent astigmatism.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- In Vivo Evaluation of Peripapillary Scleral Architecture in Myopia and Glaucoma Using Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Wide-Field OCTA Evaluation of Dominant Vortex Veins Among Healthy and Pachychoroid Eyes: Distribution Patterns and Choroidal Parameters.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Timing of height growth peaks and axial elongation in atropine-treated myopic children.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Adult myopia progression in high myopes aged 18-25 years: evidence from a population-based cohort.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Parapapillary choroidal dense pigmentation in young healthy eyes: a cross-sectional study.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Article
- Fundus Stretch Index: A Centile-Based Retinal Measure of Myopia.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Structure function relationship of paracentral visual field impairment in myopic patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Impact of Myopia Control Spectacle Lenses on Visual Functions in Young Adults: A Comprehensive Evaluation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Retinal vascular phenotyping for early detection of coronary artery disease: quantitative assessment and diagnostic modelling.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Ocular rigidity in eyes with experimental myopia.Experimental eye research · 2026Article
- Asymmetry between nasal and temporal refraction with accommodation in myopes and emmetropes.Biomedical optics express · 2026Article
- Risk Factors for Adult Axial Length Elongation: A 5-Year Population-Based Cohort Study.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Possible Extension of Inner Scleral Fibers Into the Peripapillary Sclera Detected by Polarization-Sensitive OCT.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Interocular asymmetry and ocular biometric patterns in pediatric high myopia: implications for early risk stratification.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Development and application of an artificial intelligence-based quantitative system for white without pressure in myopic retinopathy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and related factors of high myopia among adults aged 50 years and older in Fujian Eye Study.PloS one · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To describe nonpathological myopia-related characteristics of the human eye. Methods: Based on histomorphometric and clinical studies, qualitative and quantitative findings associated with myopic axial elongation are presented. Results: In axial myopia, the eye changes from a spherical shape to a prolate ellipsoid, photoreceptor, and retinal pigment epithelium cell density and total retinal thickness decrease, most marked in the retroequatorial region, followed by the equator. The choroid and sclera are thin, most markedly at the posterior pole and least markedly at the ora serrata. The sclera undergoes alterations in fibroblast activity, changes in extracellular matrix content, and remodeling. Bruch's membrane (BM) thickness is unrelated to axial length, although the BM volume increases. In moderate myopia, the BM opening shifts, usually toward the fovea, leading to the BM overhanging into the nasal intrapapillary compartment. Subsequently, the BM is absent in the temporal region (such as parapapillary gamma zone), the optic disc takes on a vertically oval shape, the fovea-optic disc distance elongates without macular BM elongation, the angle kappa reduces, and the papillomacular retinal vessels and nerve fibers straighten and stretch. In high myopia, the BM opening and the optic disc enlarge, the lamina cribrosa, the peripapillary scleral flange (such as parapapillary delta zone) and the peripapillary choroidal border tissue lengthen and thin, and a circular gamma and delta zone develop. Conclusions: A thorough characterization of ocular changes in nonpathological myopia are of importance to better understand the mechanisms of myopic axial elongation, pathological structural changes, and psychophysical sequelae of myopia on visual function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.