ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2023
IMI 2023 Digest.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT07779941 (A Pilot Evaluation of Refractive Error Progression in Pre-Myopic Children in Singapore With and Without Myopia Control Spectacles), which is not on this map. Cited by 71 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Pilot Evaluation of Refractive Error Progression in Pre-Myopic Children in Singapore With and Without Myopia Control Spectacles
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysing myopia in Europe: A comprehensive meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Pooled it
- Myopia management algorithm. Annexe to the article titled Update and guidance on management of myopia. European Society of Ophthalmology in cooperation with International Myopia Institute.European journal of ophthalmology · 2024Guideline
- Myopia progression after cessation of atropine in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Defocus incorporated multiple segment spectacle lenses versus orthokeratology lenses for myopia control: a non-inferiority randomised clinical trial.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Trial
- Slowing myopia progression with cylindrical annular refractive elements (CARE) spectacle lenses-Year 1 results from a 2-year prospective, multi-centre trial.Acta ophthalmologica · 2025Trial
- Clinical evaluation of MyoCare in Europe (CEME) for myopia management: One-year results.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Trial
- Smartwatch Measures of Outdoor Exposure and Myopia in Children.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Hyperopic reserve, early myopia risk and screening strategies in children: A multi-regional analysis from the CREAM-KIDS consortium.iScience · 2026Article
- Exploratory multivariate adaptive regression splines modeling of myopic progression in children receiving atropine.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2026Article
- Two-Year Efficacy of Cylindrical Annular Refractive Elements Spectacle Lenses for Myopia Control in European Children.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Low-Concentration Atropine (0.01%, 0.025%, 0.05%) for Myopia Progression in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- A natural experiment in school lighting: observational evidence linking far-red light exposure to slower myopia progression in Chinese Uyghur schoolchildren.BMC public health · 2026Observational
- Revolutionizing Pediatric Myopia Care: A Machine Learning Approach for Rapid and Accurate Pre-Clinical Screening.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Targeting the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in the Retina Using Quercetin-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles for Myopia Control.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- The Changing Natural History of Anisometropia: A Scoping Review.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Corneal morphological changes after discontinuation of long-term orthokeratology and SMILE surgery outcomes: a retrospective comparative study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Association between fusion visual function deficits and myopia in school-aged children: an analysis based on competitive binocular vision screening.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Long-term effects of orthokeratology on moderate myopia progression in children: A 3-year prospective study.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- The association between maternal blood lipid trajectory and offspring preschool myopia in prospective and nested case‒control analyses.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- MyopiaX-1 Safety and Efficacy of a Novel Approach to Slow Juvenile Myopia Progression: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
13 authors at 10 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Myopia is a dynamic and rapidly moving field, with ongoing research providing a better understanding of the etiology leading to novel myopia control strategies. In 2019, the International Myopia Institute (IMI) assembled and published a series of white papers across relevant topics and updated the evidence with a digest in 2021. Here, we summarize findings across key topics from the previous 2 years. Studies in animal models have continued to explore how wavelength and intensity of light influence eye growth and have examined new pharmacologic agents and scleral cross-linking as potential strategies for slowing myopia. In children, the term premyopia is gaining interest with increased attention to early implementation of myopia control. Most studies use the IMI definitions of ≤-0.5 diopters (D) for myopia and ≤-6.0 D for high myopia, although categorization and definitions for structural consequences of high myopia remain an issue. Clinical trials have demonstrated that newer spectacle lens designs incorporating multiple segments, lenslets, or diffusion optics exhibit good efficacy. Clinical considerations and factors influencing efficacy for soft multifocal contact lenses and orthokeratology are discussed. Topical atropine remains the only widely accessible pharmacologic treatment. Rebound observed with higher concentration of atropine is not evident with lower concentrations or optical interventions. Overall, myopia control treatments show little adverse effect on visual function and appear generally safe, with longer wear times and combination therapies maximizing outcomes. An emerging category of light-based therapies for children requires comprehensive safety data to enable risk versus benefit analysis. Given the success of myopia control strategies, the ethics of including a control arm in clinical trials is heavily debated. IMI recommendations for clinical trial protocols are discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.