Trial reportJournal of Parkinson's disease2023
The Sequence Effect Worsens Over Time in Parkinson's Disease and Responds to Open and Closed-Loop Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation.
Trial report in Journal of Parkinson's disease, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Subthalamic deep brain stimulation alleviates the gait sequence effect and freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2026Article
- Low-Frequency Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Sensory integration deficits in Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait: cortical network dynamics and paradoxical dopaminergic modulation.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- The effect of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on speech metrics in Parkinson's disease.Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2025Article
- Remote real time digital monitoring fills a critical gap in the management of Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Video analysis reveals early signs of Bradykinesia in REM sleep behavior disorder and Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Medication versus globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease with deep learning video analysis of finger tapping.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Closing the loop in DBS: A data-driven approach.Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2025Review
- Interaction of motor behaviour, cortical oscillations and deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Beta burst-driven adaptive deep brain stimulation for gait impairment and freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Review
- Why so slow? Models of parkinsonian bradykinesia.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2024Review
- Subthalamic stimulation modulates context-dependent effects of beta bursts during fine motor control.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Encoding type, medication, and deep brain stimulation differentially affect memory-guided sequential reaching movements in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Quantitative Digitography Measures Motor Symptoms and Disease Progression in Parkinson's Disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe sequence effect is the progressive deterioration in speech, limb movement, and gait that leads to an inability to communicate, manipulate objects, or walk without freezing of gait. Many studies have demonstrated a lack of improvement of the sequence effect from dopaminergic medication, however few studies have studied the metric over time or investigated the effect of open-loop deep brain stimulation in people with Parkinson's disease (PD).
objectiveTo investigate whether the sequence effect worsens over time and/or is improved on clinical (open-loop) deep brain stimulation (DBS).
methodsTwenty-one people with PD with bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS performed thirty seconds of instrumented repetitive wrist flexion extension and the MDS-UPDRS III off therapy, prior to activation of DBS and every six months for up to three years. A sub-cohort of ten people performed the task during randomized presentations of different intensities of STN DBS.
resultsThe sequence effect was highly correlated with the overall MDS-UPDRS III score and the bradykinesia sub-score and worsened over three years. Increasing intensities of STN open-loop DBS improved the sequence effect and one subject demonstrated improvement on both open-loop and closed-loop DBS.
conclusionSequence effect in limb bradykinesia worsened over time off therapy due to disease progression but improved on open-loop DBS. These results demonstrate that DBS is a useful treatment of the debilitating effects of the sequence effect in limb bradykinesia and upon further investigation closed-loop DBS may offer added improvement.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.