ArticleBiochemistry and biophysics reports2023
Histochemical analysis of the biphasic properties of formalin pain-induced behavior.
Article in Biochemistry and biophysics reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role ofAnnals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Behavioral assessment of pain in rodents: advances from evoked responses to spontaneous states and multimodal approaches.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- An investigation into the underlying mechanisms of risperidone-induced antinociception through the cholinergic pathway.Pharmaceutical science advances · 2025Article
- Development of a reliable mouse model for caudal epidural anesthesia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP)-Expressing Neurons in the External Lateral Parabrachial Area Regulate Pain-Induced Sleep Disturbances.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- LPS mediated neuronal c-Fos activation: whole-brain mapping, site and time effect in intoxicated mice.Toxicology research · 2025Article
- The anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil nanoemulsion in mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Neonatal testosterone exposure alleviates female-specific severity of formalin-induced inflammatory pain in mice.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2025Article
- Identifying the Brain Circuits that Regulate Pain-Induced Sleep Disturbances.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Antinociceptive effects of gamma-linolenic acid in the formalin test in the rats.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- Chemical characterization, assessment of acute oral toxicity, and antinociceptive potential of the methanolic extract ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The formalin test has been established as a method for evaluating mouse models of pain. Although there have been numerous reports of formalin-pain-induced behavior, few reports of a detailed histochemical analysis of the central nervous system focus on behavioral biphasic properties. To investigate the alternation of spinal neuronal activity with formalin-induced pain, we performed immunofluorescent staining with c-Fos antibodies as neuronal activity markers using acute pain model mice induced by 2% formalin stimulation. As a result, phase-specific expression patterns were observed. In the spinal dorsal horn region, there were many neural activities in the deep region (layers V-VII) in the behavioral first phase and those in the surface region (layers I-III) in the behavioral second phase. Furthermore, we conducted comparative studies using low concentrations (0.25%) of formalin and capsaicin, which did not show distinct behavioral biphasic properties. Neural activity was observed only in the spinal dorsal horn surface region for both stimuli. Our study suggested that the histochemical biphasic nature of formalin-induced pain was attributable to the activity of the deep region of the spinal cord. In the future, treatment strategies focusing on the deep region neuron will lead to the development of effective treatments for allodynia and intractable chronic pain.
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