ArticleFrontiers in public health2023
Assessing vaccine hesitancy using the WHO scale for caregivers of children under 3 years old in China.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hesitancy and confidence in pediatric COVID-19 vaccination among diverse caregivers of unvaccinated children.Vaccine · 2025Trial
- Understanding COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Hesitancy in Latinx Sexual and Gender Minority People in North Texas.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- What do parents of school-aged children want to know about HPV vaccination in Canada? Results of an online survey on Facebook.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Vaccine hesitancy may increase infectious disease burden and impede disease control efforts, while few studies have measured such a phenomenon with a standardized tool in China. This study aimed to test the validation of the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS) developed by the WHO SAGE Working Group among caregivers and examine demographic characteristics associated with caregiver hesitancy in six provinces of China. Methods: Using a multistage sampling design, this study was conducted in 36 immunization clinics in six provinces from December 2019 to August 2020. Caregivers of children aged 0-3 years were included. The VHS was used to assess vaccine hesitancy. The construct validity and internal consistency of the scale were assessed. Associations between caregivers' characteristics and vaccine hesitancy were examined by simple and multiple linear regression models. Results: Of the 3,359 participants included, a two-factor structure within the scale was identified, consisting of "lack of confidence" (1.89 ± 0.53) and "risks" (3.20 ± 0.75). Caregivers engaged in medical work expressed more confidence and were less concerned about risks compared to those of non-medical staff ( Discussion: We found that the VHS had acceptable reliability and construct validity and caregivers' hesitancy was driven more by concerns about risks than by the lack of confidence. Countering these concerns will be particularly important among non-medical staff, lower income, child's fathers, having a younger child, or raising first-birth child groups.
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