Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37124148›Full record

ReviewImmuno-oncology technology2023

Non-viral chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells going viral.

H Balke-Want, V Keerthi, A Cadinanos-Garai, C Fowler, N Gkitsas, A K Brown, R Tunuguntla, M Abou-El-Enein, S A Feldman

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Immuno-oncology technology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
52citing papers in PubMed
12.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

52 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Beyond Oncology: Exploring the Expanding Role of CAR T Cell Therapy in Autoimmune and Infectious Diseases-A Systematic Review.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026
    Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Engineering T cell therapies for lung cancer.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Trogocytosis in cancer immunity and cellular immunotherapy: mechanisms, therapeutic challenges, and translational opportunities.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Emerging combined CAR-NK cell therapies in cancer treatment: Finding a dancing partner.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

H Balke-WantStanford Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
V KeerthiStanford Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
A Cadinanos-GaraiUSC/CHLA Cell Therapy Program, University of Southern California, and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
C FowlerStanford Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
N GkitsasStanford Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
A K BrownStanford Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
R TunuguntlaStanford Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
M Abou-El-EneinUSC/CHLA Cell Therapy Program, University of Southern California, and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
S A FeldmanStanford Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
Stanford University · USChildren's Hospital of Los Angeles · USUniversity of Southern California · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has made significant strides in the treatment of B-cell malignancies, but its application in treating solid tumors still poses significant challenges. Particularly, the widespread use of viral vectors to deliver CAR transgenes into T cells comes with limitations, including high costs and regulatory restrictions, which hinder the translation of novel genetic engineering concepts into clinical applications. Non-viral methods, such as transposon/transposase and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas systems, offer promising alternatives for stable transgene insertion in CAR-T cells. These methods offer the potential to increase accessibility and efficiency in the development and delivery of CAR-T cell therapies. The main challenge in using non-viral methods, however, is their low knock-in efficiency, which leads to low transgene expression levels. In this review, we discuss recent developments in non-viral approaches for CAR-T cell production, the manufacturing requirements for clinical-grade production of non-viral CAR-T cells, and the adjustments needed in quality control for proper characterization of genomic features and evaluation of potential genotoxicity.

Indexed as

cell therapy scalingCRISPRelectroporationgene deliverymanufacturingnon-viral CAR T cells

Identifiers

PMID37124148
PMCPMC10139995
OpenAlexW4323667191

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.