ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2023
Disturbances in the ocular surface microbiome by perioperative antimicrobial eye drops.
Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Potential role of the ocular surface microbiome in dry eye: microbial interactions and symptom alleviation.mSystems · 2026Trial
- Dropless after cataract surgery (DACS): concepts, evidence and clinical potential.Eye (London, England) · 2026Review
- Association Between Repeated Prophylactic Antimicrobial Eye Drop Use and Reduced Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Conjunctival and Nasal Commensal Bacteria.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Uncovering the relationship between the human ocular surface microbiome and gut microbiome.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- The Ocular Surface Microbiome in Homeostasis and Dysbiosis.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Overview of Microorganisms: Bacterial Microbiome, Mycobiome, Virome Identified Using Next-Generation Sequencing, and Their Application to Ophthalmic Diseases.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Sequencing the ocular surface microbiome: a review of methodological practices and considerations.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Exploring the Ocular Surface Microbiome and Tear Proteome in Glaucoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Infectious Keratitis: Characterization of Microbial Diversity through Species Richness and Shannon Diversity Index.Biomolecules · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We aimed to elucidate the effects of antimicrobial eye drops used in the perioperative period of ophthalmic surgery on the ocular surface microbiome by metagenomic analysis. Twenty-eight eyes from 15 patients (mean age 74.1 years) with no history of eye drop use within 3 months before cataract surgery were included in this study. Gatifloxacin eye drops were used in all patients in the perioperative period. The antimicrobial eye drops were started 3 days before surgery. They were discontinued after conjunctival sac specimen collection for 2 weeks after the surgery. Conjunctival sac specimens were collected to investigate the alterations in the ocular surface microbiome by meta-16S analysis targeting the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Principal coordinate analysis showed that the bacterial composition tended to be different before and 2 and 4 weeks after surgery. Individual observations on six eyes showed that the bacterial composition at 12 weeks after surgery was closer to that before surgery than to that at 4 weeks after surgery in two eyes, while the bacterial composition in the remaining four eyes was different at various time points. Before surgery, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were predominant; however, 2 weeks after surgery, the proportion of Proteobacteria increased and that of Firmicutes decreased. A similar trend was noticed 4 weeks after surgery, although antibacterial eye drops had been discontinued 2 weeks after surgery. The Shannon-Weaver coefficient showed a decreasing trend at 2-, 4-, and 12-weeks post operation compared to that before operation. The diversity of the microbiome decreased significantly at 2- and 4-weeks after surgery when compared to that before surgery (p < 0.05). The ocular surface microbiome is easily disrupted by antimicrobial eye drops, and it needs recovery time. In such cases, the ocular surface microbiome is presumed to contain many antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. In some cases, it may not recover, and a new microbiome is formed.
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