ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2023
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway inhibits inflammation without lymphocyte relay.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nicotine in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence.Neurochemical research · 2026Review
- Sodium bicarbonate attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via activation of the splenic cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.JTCVS open · 2026Article
- Neuro-immune crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment: mechanisms and therapeutic implications for cancer immunotherapy.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Splenic treg-related immunoregulation in the spleen-brain axis of alzheimer's disease: mechanisms and translational strategies.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal of Clinical Evidence.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Neurovascular and synaptic milieu of brain-resident cells in cognitive dysfunction of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Neuroimmune interactions in cardiovascular homeostasis and disease.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Nerve growth factor responsive elements modulate immune cell inflammation and are dysregulated in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Integrative perspectives on electroacupuncture modulation of vagal-cholinergic and neuro-immune-metabolic regulation in long COVID.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2026Review
- The Neuroimmune Axis in Sepsis: From Pathophysiological Circuits to Precision Neuromodulation.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Qingre Liangxue Acupuncture for Psoriasis: A Cholinergic Neuroimmune Framework.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- The perioperative brain-heart-immune axis: autonomic resilience, multimodal monitoring and postoperative delirium.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Adjunctive ultrasound-guided vagus nerve-targeted pharmacopuncture for refractory fibromyalgia with autonomic symptoms: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: targeting the interplay between inflammation, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, and nervous system for the novel treatment of heart failure.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Neuroimmune Regulation for Acute Kidney Injury Therapy: Insights Along the Path From Bench to Bedside.Seminars in nephrology · 2026Review
- Serum cholinesterase as a biomarker for sepsis-associated immunosuppression via Hub gene RORA.PloS one · 2026Article
- Vagus nerve stimulation as an anti-inflammatory therapy for maternal immune activation-induced alterations in offspring microglia and neurodevelopment.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Obesity Hacks the Brain's Systems for Weight Loss Resistance.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Sympathetic regulation of the host immune response to bacterial sepsis.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The magnitude of innate inflammatory immune responses is dependent on interactions between peripheral neural and immune cells. In particular, a cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) has been identified in the spleen whereby noradrenaline (NA) released by splenic nerves binds to ß2-adrenergic receptors (β2-AR) on CD4
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.