ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
Monitoring of kinetics and exhaustion markers of circulating CAR-T cells as early predictive factors in patients with B-cell malignancies.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers for predicting CAR-T cell therapy outcomes in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- CAR T-cell Kinetics, Persistence, and Clinical Outcomes in Adult Patients with Relapsed/Refractory B-cell ALL Treated with Obecabtagene Autoleucel in the FELIX Study.Cancer research communications · 2026Trial
- Metabolic and functional analysis including repetitive antigen stimulation provides a more accurate assessment for CAR-T cell product quality and long-term functionality.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- In Vivo mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticle CAR-T Cell Engineering: Advances, Challenges, and Clinical Translation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Brentuximab vedotin plus nivolumab as bridging therapy to CAR T-cells in relapsed/refractory primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma.Haematologica · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Point-of-Care Technologies: Opportunities and Current Challenges.Therapeutic drug monitoring · 2026Review
- A human tumor-immune organoid model of glioblastoma.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Apheresis CD8International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Targeting CAR-T cell exhaustion in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: mechanistic insights and emerging clinical strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Beyond exhaustion: T cell fitness for next generation of immunotherapy for hematological cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Plasma Cell Myeloma: Biochemical Insights into Diagnosis, Treatment, and Smart Nanocarrier-Based Therapeutic Development.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Functional differences between CLL- and ALL-derived CAR T cells in a 3D tumor microenvironment highlight CXCR4 and IL-10 as potential modulatory targets.HemaSphere · 2025Article
- CAR T expansion and systemic inflammation: diverging impacts on large B-cell lymphoma therapy in the multicenter CART SIE study.Haematologica · 2025Article
- Current Insights of Post-Infusion CAR T Expansion and Persistence for Large B-Cell Lymphoma.Cancers · 2025Review
- CD19.CAR T-cell-derived extracellular vesicles express CAR and kill leukemic cells, contributing to antineoplastic therapy.Blood advances · 2025Article
- High-dimensional temporal mapping of CAR T cells reveals phenotypic and functional remodeling during manufacturing.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Evidence of CAR-T Cell Expansion in Peripheral Blood by Unusual Lymphoid Morphology: A Relatively Unexplored Phenomenon Post CAR-T Infusion.Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion · 2025Article
- Impact of inotuzumab ozogamicin as bridging therapy and tumor burden in CAR-T therapy for B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Quality assessment strategy development and analytical method selection of GMP grade biological drugs for gene and cell therapy.BBA advances · 2025Review
- T cell exhaustion in pediatric B-ALL: current knowledge and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: CAR-T cell therapy has proven to be a disruptive treatment in the hematology field, however, less than 50% of patients maintain long-term response and early predictors of outcome are still inconsistently defined. Here, we aimed to optimize the detection of CD19 CAR-T cells in blood and to identify phenotypic features as early biomarkers associated with toxicity and outcomes. Experimental design: In this study, monitoring by flow cytometry and digital PCR (dPCR), and immunophenotypic characterization of circulating CAR-T cells from 48 patients treated with Tisa-cel or Axi-cel was performed. Results: Validation of the flow cytometry reagent for the detection of CAR-T cells in blood revealed CD19 protein conjugated with streptavidin as the optimal detection method. Kinetics of CAR-T cell expansion in blood confirmed median day of peak expansion at seven days post-infusion by both flow cytometry and digital PCR. Circulating CAR-T cells showed an activated, proliferative, and exhausted phenotype at the time of peak expansion. Patients with increased expansion showed more severe CRS and ICANs. Immunophenotypic characterization of CAR-T cells at the peak expansion identified the increased expression of co-inhibitory molecules PD1 and LAG3 and reduced levels of the cytotoxicity marker CD107a as predictors of a better long-term disease control. Conclusions: These data show the importance of CAR-T cells in vivo monitoring and identify the expression of PD1LAG3 and CD107a as early biomarkers of long-term disease control after CAR-T cell therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.