ArticleCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2023
Inhibiting leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions by Chinese medicine Tongxinluo capsule alleviates no-reflow after arterial recanalization in ischemic stroke.
Article in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative efficacy of commercial Chinese polyherbal preparation for coronary microvascular dysfunction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of Tongxinluo in the treatment of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Targeting CD4⁺ T cell infiltration: mechanisms and therapeutic insights into CD4⁺ T cell transmigration across the blood-brain barrier in acute ischemic stroke.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation after stroke: initiation, amplification and therapeutic prospects.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- The role of the bidirectional regulatory network between immune cells and stromal cells in cardiac repair and fibrosis following myocardial infarction.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Bioinformatics identification and validation of pyroptosis-related gene for ischemic stroke.BMC medical genomics · 2025Article
- Protective role of Tongxinluo in mitigating myocardial fibrosis in mice with acute myocardial infarction via neuregulin-1 upregulation and Inhibition of endothelium-interstitial transition.Journal of molecular histology · 2025Article
- Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: mechanisms and promising therapies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Serum IL-1β as a Novel Predictor of No-Reflow in STEMI Patients Undergoing Primary PCI.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Zi Shen Wan Fang repaired blood-brain barrier integrity in diabetic cognitive impairment mice via preventing cerebrovascular cells senescence.Chinese medicine · 2024Article
- No-reflow after recanalization in ischemic stroke: From pathomechanisms to therapeutic strategies.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2024Review
- Inhibiting leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions by Chinese medicine Tongxinluo capsule alleviates no-reflow after arterial recanalization in ischemic stroke.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Article
- Emerging diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in post-stroke hemorrhagic transformation and brain edema.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsDespite successful vascular recanalization in stroke, one-fourth of patients have an unfavorable outcome due to no-reflow. The pathogenesis of no-reflow is fully unclear, and therapeutic strategies are lacking. Upon traditional Chinese medicine, Tongxinluo capsule (TXL) is a potential therapeutic agent for no-reflow. Thus, this study is aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of no-reflow in stroke, and whether TXL could alleviate no-reflow as well as its potential mechanisms of action.
methodsMice were orally administered with TXL (3.0 g/kg/d) after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. We examined the following parameters: neurological function, no-reflow, leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, HE staining, leukocyte subtypes, adhesion molecules, and chemokines.
resultsOur results showed stroke caused neurological deficits, neuron death, and no-reflow. Adherent and aggregated leukocytes obstructed microvessels as well as leukocyte infiltration in ischemic brain. Leukocyte subtypes changed after stroke mainly including neutrophils, lymphocytes, regulatory T cells, suppressor T cells, helper T type 1 (Th1) cells, Th2 cells, B cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. Stroke resulted in upregulated expression of adhesion molecules (P-selectin, E-selectin, and ICAM-1) and chemokines (CC-chemokine ligand (CCL)-2, CCL-3, CCL-4, CCL-5, and chemokine C-X-C ligand 1 (CXCL-1)). Notably, TXL improved neurological deficits, protected neurons, alleviated no-reflow and leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, regulated multiple leukocyte subtypes, and inhibited the expression of various inflammatory mediators.
conclusionLeukocyte-endothelial cell interactions mediated by multiple inflammatory factors are an important cause of no-reflow in stroke. Accordingly, TXL could alleviate no-reflow via suppressing the interactions through modulating various leukocyte subtypes and inhibiting the expression of multiple inflammatory mediators.
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