ArticleEye and vision (London, England)2023
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of gallic acid on experimental dry eye: in vitro and in vivo studies.
Article in Eye and vision (London, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Investigating the protective effect of zinc oxide-gallic acid nanoparticles against depression like behavior and memory impairment in animals treated with D-galactose.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- HIFU-triggered burst release of gallic acid from gelatin/polyvinyl pyrrolidone hydrogel network crosslinked with magnesium gallate MOF.Ultrasonics sonochemistry · 2026Article
- Unveiling the Therapeutic Potential of Gallic Acid: Mechanistic Insights into the Management of Pathogenesis: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
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- MoroccanInternational journal of food science · 2026Article
- Nonpolysaccharide fraction ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Managing dry eye disease - a review of selected traditional Chinese medicine and some of their metabolites focusing on molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Chemical Profiling and Multi-Target Bioactivities of Erodium guttatum From Northeastern Algeria: LC-MS/MS and Molecular Docking Insights.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Dual ROS/pH-responsive mangiferin-loaded smart microneedles for precision therapy of wound infections.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Gallic Acid Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Mice by Mediating Microglial Polarization Through the NLRP3/mTOR Axis.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Article
- Ziziphus nummularia extract attenuates inflammatory markers in RAW 264.7 macrophages.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dry Eye Disease: Oxidative Stress on Ocular Surface and Cutting-Edge Antioxidants.Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ) · 2025Review
- Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Role of Chinese Medicine Monomers in Dry Eye Disease: Breaking the Vicious Cycle of Inflammation.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2025Review
- KGF-2 Alleviates Dry Eye Disease by Regulating the HMGB1/TLR4 Pathway.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Gallic acid suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression and enhances cisplatin chemosensitivity through IL-6/STAT3/Notch pathway.Oncology research · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Review on Fruit ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- cRGD-Conjugated Bilirubin Nanoparticles Alleviate Dry Eye Disease Via Activating the PINK1-Mediated Mitophagy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of gallic acid (GA) on human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and RAW264.7 macrophages as well as its therapeutic effects in an experimental dry eye (EDE) mouse model.
methodsA cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to test the cytotoxicity of GA. The effect of GA on cell migration was evaluated using a scratch wound healing assay. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of GA in vitro were tested using a hypertonic model (HCECs) and an inflammatory model (RAW264.7 cells). The in vivo biocompatibility of GA was detected by irritation tests in rabbits, whereas the preventive and therapeutic effect of GA in vivo was evaluated using a mouse model of EDE.
resultsIn the range of 0-100 μM, GA showed no cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 cells or HCECs and did not delay the HCECs monolayer wound healing within 24 h. Ocular tolerance to GA in the in vivo irritation test was good after seven days. In terms of antioxidative activity, GA significantly reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated RAW264.7 macrophages and HCECs exposed to hyperosmotic stress. Furthermore, after pre-treatment with GA, the expression levels of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1) were significantly upregulated in RAW264.7 macrophages. GA also exhibits excellent anti-inflammatory properties. This is mainly demonstrated by the ability of GA to effectively downregulate the nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages and to reduce inflammatory factors, such as nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). In vivo efficacy testing results in a mouse model of EDE showed that GA can effectively prevent and inhibit the apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells (CECs), reduce inflammatory factors in the cornea and conjunctiva as well as protect goblet cells.
conclusionIn vitro and in vivo results indicate that GA possesses potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties with no apparent cytotoxicity within the range of 0-100 μM. It is a promising eye drop formulation for the effective prevention and treatment of dry eye disease (DED).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.