Observational studyJournal of the American Heart Association2023
A New Clinical Prediction Rule for Infective Endocarditis in Emergency Department Patients With Fever: Definition and First Validation of the CREED Score.
Observational study in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- First case report of atrial myxoma in interauricular occlusive device in Colombia.International journal of surgery case reports · 2026Article
- A new diagnostic prediction model for infective endocarditis based on the 2023 duke-international society for cardiovascular infectious disease criteria: a multicenter observational study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Observational
- Emergency department point of care ultrasound utility in diagnosing infective endocarditis presenting as abdominal pain with bilateral iliac occlusion.International journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Prediction Models of Infective Endocarditis Usable Ahead of Performing Blood Cultures: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Early Diagnostic Prediction of Infective Endocarditis: Development and Validation of EndoPredict-Dx.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Unexpected Infective Endocarditis: Towards a New Alert for Clinicians.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Evaluation of the Clinical Rule for Endocarditis in the Emergency Department Among Patients With Suspected Infective Endocarditis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Infective endocarditis (IE) could be suspected in any febrile patients admitted to the emergency department (ED). This study was aimed at assessing clinical criteria predictive of IE and identifying and prospectively validating a sensible and easy-to-use clinical prediction score for the diagnosis of IE in the ED. Methods and Results We conducted a retrospective observational study, enrolling consecutive patients with fever admitted to the ED between January 2015 and December 2019 and subsequently hospitalized. Several clinical and anamnestic standardized variables were collected and evaluated for the association with IE diagnosis. We derived a multivariate prediction model by logistic regression analysis. The identified predictors were assigned a score point value to obtain the Clinical Rule for Infective Endocarditis in the Emergency Department (CREED) score. To validate the CREED score we conducted a prospective observational study between January 2020 and December 2021, enrolling consecutive febrile patients hospitalized after the ED visit, and evaluating the association between the CREED score values and the IE diagnosis. A total of 15 689 patients (median age, 71 [56-81] years; 54.1% men) were enrolled in the retrospective cohort, and IE was diagnosed in 267 (1.7%). The CREED score included 12 variables: male sex, anemia, dialysis, pacemaker, recent hospitalization, recent stroke, chest pain, specific infective diagnosis, valvular heart disease, valvular prosthesis, previous endocarditis, and clinical signs of suspect endocarditis. The CREED score identified 4 risk groups for IE diagnosis, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.874 (0.849-0.899). The prospective cohort included 13 163 patients, with 130 (1.0%) IE diagnoses. The CREED score had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.881 (0.848-0.913) in the validation cohort, not significantly different from the one calculated in the retrospective cohort (
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