Observational studyNature aging2023
Strong peak immunogenicity but rapid antibody waning following third vaccine dose in older residents of care homes.
Observational study in Nature aging, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety, immunogenicity, and long COVID outcomes following inactivated COVID-19 vaccine boosters in elderly Chinese: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Endemic penetrance of SARS-CoV-2 has impacted marginally on immunity to spike protein of human coronaviruses.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell electrical properties in response to viral exposure and vaccination.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Long-term dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 immunity in a university hospital in Colombia: A cohort study.IJID regions · 2025Article
- Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in Nursing Home Residents in Belgium Throughout Three BNT162b2 Vaccination Rounds: 19-Month Follow-Up.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Durability of antibody titers and associated factors after the booster dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in Japanese SARS-CoV-2 infection-naive residents in geriatric intermediate care facilities.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2025Article
- Follow-up of humoral and cellular immune responses after the third SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose in multiple myeloma patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Mass testing for discovery and control of COVID-19 outbreaks in adult social care: an observational study and cost-effectiveness analysis of 14 805 care homes in England.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Long-term Immunity of a Microneedle Array Patch of SARS-CoV-2 S1 Protein Subunit Vaccine Irradiated by Gamma Rays in Mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Review
- Age differentially impacts adaptive immune responses induced by adenoviral versus mRNA vaccines against COVID-19.Nature aging · 2024Article
- Fourth dose of microneedle array patch of SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein subunit vaccine elicits robust long-lasting humoral responses in mice.International immunopharmacology · 2024Article
- Anti-nucleocapsid antibody levels following initial and repeat SARS-CoV-2 infections in a cohort of long-term care facility residents in England (VIVALDI).Wellcome open research · 2024Article
- An Update on SARS-CoV-2 Clinical Trial Results-What We Can Learn for the Next Pandemic.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Recruitment of naive CD4+ T cells by the recombinant zoster vaccine correlates with persistent immunity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- Antibody response in elderly vaccinated four times with an mRNA anti-COVID-19 vaccine.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Tetravalent SARS-CoV-2 S1 Subunit Protein Vaccination Elicits Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaque Controllers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- VIVALDI Cohort Profile: Using linked, routinely collected data and longitudinal blood sampling to characterise COVID-19 infections, vaccinations, and related outcomes in care home staff and residents in England.Wellcome open research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
28 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Third-dose coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines are being deployed widely but their efficacy has not been assessed adequately in vulnerable older people who exhibit suboptimal responses after primary vaccination series. This observational study, which was carried out by the VIVALDI study based in England, looked at spike-specific immune responses in 341 staff and residents in long-term care facilities who received an mRNA vaccine following dual primary series vaccination with BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1. Third-dose vaccination strongly increased antibody responses with preferential relative enhancement in older people and was required to elicit neutralization of Omicron. Cellular immune responses were also enhanced with strong cross-reactive recognition of Omicron. However, antibody titers fell 21-78% within 100 d after vaccine and 27% of participants developed a breakthrough Omicron infection. These findings reveal strong immunogenicity of a third vaccine in one of the most vulnerable population groups and endorse an approach for widespread delivery across this population. Ongoing assessment will be required to determine the stability of immune protection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.