ArticleNature aging2023
Insufficient epitope-specific T cell clones are responsible for impaired cellular immunity to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in older adults.
Article in Nature aging, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of hybrid immunity to mitigate the risk of Omicron variant reinfection.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- An open-label study on the safety and immunogenicity of a PD-1-enhanced DNA vaccine used as a T cell booster for COVID-19.EBioMedicine · 2025Trial
- Age-associated differences in XBB.1.5 trivalent booster vaccine-induced adaptive responses revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- How age and sex interaction is associated with immune aging with implications for vaccines and age-related autoimmunity.npj aging · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination Induces Reduced T-Cell Apoptosis in Patients with Solid Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Adenosine deaminase co-immunization reverses age-associated immunosenescence by restoring germinal center T follicular helper cell function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics reveals pediatric immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination.iScience · 2026Article
- Article
- Attenuating age-related decline in dendritic cell migration improves vaccine efficacy via gut-immune crosstalk.Nature aging · 2026Article
- Marginal zone B cells mediate humoral immunity in vaccine-induced versus naturally acquired immunity against SARS-CoV-2.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Dynamics of lung-infiltrating virus-specific T cells associated with age-dependent SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia severity.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Population waning trajectories of vaccine-induced tetanus immunity in Zhejiang, China.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal assessment of immunogenicity of inactivated COVID-19 booster immunization and breakthrough infection in blood donors: A multicenter study from 2021 to 2023.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Heterogeneity of thymic output in the elderly and its association with sex and smoking.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Burning Down the House: Thymic Repair and Regeneration After Acute Damage.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Endogenous thymic regeneration: restoring T cell production following injury.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Nano/Micro-Enabled Modification and Innovation of Conventional Adjuvants for Next-Generation Vaccines.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- Differential reactivity of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein T-cell epitopes in vaccinated versus naturally infected individuals.Clinical & translational immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
28 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aging is a critical risk factor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine efficacy. The immune responses to inactivated vaccine for older adults, and the underlying mechanisms of potential differences to young adults, are still unclear. Here we show that neutralizing antibody production by older adults took a longer time to reach similar levels in young adults after inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We screened SARS-CoV-2 variant strains for epitopes that stimulate specific CD8 T cell response, and older adults exhibited weaker CD8 T-cell-mediated responses to these epitopes. Comparison of lymphocyte transcriptomes from pre-vaccinated and post-vaccinated donors suggested that the older adults had impaired antigen processing and presentation capability. Single-cell sequencing revealed that older adults had less T cell clone expansion specific to SARS-CoV-2, likely due to inadequate immune receptor repertoire size and diversity. Our study provides mechanistic insights for weaker response to inactivated vaccine by older adults and suggests the need for further vaccination optimization for the old population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.