ReviewNature aging2021
The degree of frailty as a translational measure of health in aging.
Review in Nature aging, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 195 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
195 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 312 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of frailty on overall survival and complications in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International urology and nephrology · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of pre-operative frailty on short-term outcomes of ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of frailty on adverse outcomes after radical cystectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of frailty on outcomes of pancreatic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Interplay between frailty and cardiometabolic disorders: from pathophysiology to clinical implications.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of air pollution and increased risk of frailty.Age and ageing · 2025Pooled it
- Frailty in randomised controlled trials for dementia or mild cognitive impairment measured via the frailty index: prevalence and prediction of serious adverse events and attrition.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2023Pooled it
- The frailty index based on laboratory test data as a tool to investigate the impact of frailty on health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Age and ageing · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, trajectories, and clinical outcomes for frailty in COPD.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Relative impact of multidomain lifestyle interventions on deficit accumulation frailty over 24 months in the U.S. POINTER trial.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Trial
- Randomized phase 2b dose-escalation trial of stem cell therapy with laromestrocel for aging frailty.Cell stem cell · 2026Trial
- Changes in frailty, intensive blood pressure treatment, and risks of adverse clinical outcomes: a post hoc analysis of the SPRINT trial.BMC medicine · 2025Trial
- Tai Chi versus health education as a frailty intervention for community-dwelling older adults with hypertension.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2023Trial
- Frailty and functional brain connectivity (FBC) in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI): baseline results from the SYNERGIC Trial.GeroScience · 2023Trial
- Biopsychosocial frailty and the incident risk of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases: an 8-year follow-up of the italian longitudinal study on aging.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Frailty index and type 2 diabetes with renal complications: insights from Mendelian randomization and retrospective observational study.Renal failure · 2026Observational
- A compendium of circulating biomarkers of senescence in humans: Insights on mechanistic impact across health domains and modulation by therapeutic interventions.Ageing research reviews · 2026Review
- How human and animal frailty index studies can inform each other: a brief narrative review.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Review
- Impact of frailty phenotype on chronic disease accumulation and healthy life years lost: A multi-state analysis of the UK Biobank.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2026Article
- Prognostic value of the 11-factor modified frailty index for early postoperative outcomes in elderly lung transplant recipients: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
135 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Frailty is a multiply determined, age-related state of increased risk for adverse health outcomes. We review how the degree of frailty conditions the development of late-life diseases and modifies their expression. The risks for frailty range from subcellular damage to social determinants. These risks are often synergistic-circumstances that favor damage also make repair less likely. We explore how age-related damage and decline in repair result in cellular and molecular deficits that scale up to tissue, organ and system levels, where they are jointly expressed as frailty. The degree of frailty can help to explain the distinction between carrying damage and expressing its usual clinical manifestations. Studying people-and animals-who live with frailty, including them in clinical trials and measuring the impact of the degree of frailty are ways to better understand the diseases of old age and to establish best practices for the care of older adults.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.