ArticleThe Journal of cell biology2023
ATG9 vesicles comprise the seed membrane of mammalian autophagosomes.
Article in The Journal of cell biology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging mechanisms of ATG8-independent non-canonical autophagy.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2026Review
- A lipid transfer-dependent feedback loop activates ATG9A compartments in autophagy initiation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- KIF1A-mediated trafficking is required for neuronal autophagy in human neurons.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Lipid-manager autophagy proteins ATG2 and ATG9 regulate extracellular vesicle secretion via amphisome biogenesis and cell lipidome modulation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Comparative Genomics Reveals Recurrent Loss ofGenes · 2026Article
- Atg18 interaction positions Atg2 for efficient lipid transfer into phagophore elongation.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- The Human Autophagy Core Complexes.Annual review of biochemistry · 2026Review
- TBK1 restricts IRGQ-mediated autophagy.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- A bridge-like lipid transfer protein is critical for generation of invasive stages in malaria parasites.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- ER membrane receptors engage core autophagy machinery to initiate ER-phagy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Autophagy and mitophagy at the synapse and beyond: implications for learning, memory and neurological disorders.Autophagy · 2026Review
- The AP-4 accessory protein tepsin exhibits multivalent binding to LC3B.Advances in biological regulation · 2026Article
- Beyond Vesicular Traffic: The ERES as the Gateway for Biosynthetic Secretion.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- Role of N-glycosylation as a determinant of ATG9A conformations and activity.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026Article
- Atg23 Interacts With Both the N- and C-termini of Atg9 Via a Hydrophobic Binding Pocket.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- ATG2 is a triglyceride transfer protein.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Building bridges for autophagy.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Article
- Establishment of the phagophore-ERES membrane contact site initiates phagophore elongation.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
As the autophagosome forms, its membrane surface area expands rapidly, while its volume is kept low. Protein-mediated transfer of lipids from another organelle to the autophagosome likely drives this expansion, but as these lipids are only introduced into the cytoplasmic-facing leaflet of the organelle, full membrane growth also requires lipid scramblase activity. ATG9 harbors scramblase activity and is essential to autophagosome formation; however, whether ATG9 is integrated into mammalian autophagosomes remains unclear. Here we show that in the absence of lipid transport, ATG9 vesicles are already competent to collect proteins found on mature autophagosomes, including LC3-II. Further, we use styrene-maleic acid lipid particles to reveal the nanoscale organization of protein on LC3-II membranes; ATG9 and LC3-II are each fully integrated into expanding autophagosomes. The ratios of these two proteins at different stages of maturation demonstrate that ATG9 proteins are not continuously integrated, but rather are present on the seed vesicles only and become diluted in the expanding autophagosome membrane.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.