ArticleScience advances2023
An excavate root for the eukaryote tree of life.
Article in Science advances, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phylogenetic ancestry of Metamonada proteins points to a common origin of mitochondria in all eukaryotes.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Ancient conservation of androglobin expression reveals its evolutionary link to ciliary processes.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Post-LECA Origin and Diversification of an Axonemal Outer Arm Dynein Motor.Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Origin of class B J-domain proteins involved in amyloid transactions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The photophobic response in the apusomonad Podomonas kaiyoae is mediated by coordination of cilia and actin filaments.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Glycoregulation of E3(SCF) ubiquitin ligases in unicellular eukaryotes.Glycobiology · 2025Review
- Adenine DNA methylation associated with transcriptionally permissive chromatin is widespread across eukaryotes.Nature genetics · 2025Article
- NALCN/Cch1 channelosome subunits originated in early eukaryotes.The Journal of general physiology · 2025Article
- Eukaryogenesis From FECA to LECA: Radical Steps Along the Way.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Article
- When two plus four does not equal six: Combining computational and functional evidence to classify BRCA1 key domain missense substitutions.American journal of human genetics · 2025Article
- A diverse Palaeoproterozoic microbial ecosystem implies early eukaryogenesis.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Repressive Cytosine Methylation is a Marker of Viral Gene Transfer Across Divergent Eukaryotes.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Hypothesis that ancestral eukaryotes sexually proliferated without kinetochores or mitosis.Journal of cell science · 2025Article
- Renal Intercalated Cells: Alien Cells Inside Us?Biology · 2025Review
- Article
- Chimeric origins and dynamic evolution of central carbon metabolism in eukaryotes.Nature ecology & evolution · 2025Article
- Trypanosome doublet microtubule structures reveal flagellum assembly and motility mechanisms.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Beyond Static Tethering at Membrane Contact Sites: Structural Dynamics and Functional Implications of VAP Proteins.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Gasocrine hypothesis - a potential supplement to cell theory.Acta biochimica Polonica · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Much of the higher-order phylogeny of eukaryotes is well resolved, but the root remains elusive. We assembled a dataset of 183 eukaryotic proteins of archaeal ancestry to test this root. The resulting phylogeny identifies four lineages of eukaryotes currently classified as "Excavata" branching separately at the base of the tree. Thus, Parabasalia appear as the first major branch of eukaryotes followed sequentially by Fornicata, Preaxostyla, and Discoba. All four excavate branch points receive full statistical support from analyses with commonly used evolutionary models, a protein structure partition model that we introduce here, and various controls for deep phylogeny artifacts. The absence of aerobic mitochondria in Parabasalia, Fornicata, and Preaxostyla suggests that modern eukaryotes arose under anoxic conditions, probably much earlier than expected, and without the benefit of mitochondrial respiration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.