ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2023
Clostridium epsilon toxin is excessive in multiple sclerosis and provokes multifocal lesions in mouse models.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Potential mechanisms linking bacterial factors to the development and progression of multiple sclerosis.Infectious medicine · 2025Review
- Does Clostridium Perfringens Epsilon Toxin Mimic an Auto-Antigen Involved in Multiple Sclerosis?Toxins · 2025Observational
- Does Clostridium Perfringens Epsilon Toxin Mimic an Auto-Antigen Involved in Multiple Sclerosis?Toxins · 2025Observational
- Interaction of the Gut Microbiome and Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis: Impact of Diet and Immune Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the CNS. In this issue of the JCI, Ma and Sannino et al. show that two strains of intestinal Clostridium perfringens, known to produce epsilon toxin (ETX), were frequently found in patients with MS. Tiny amounts of this toxin added to immunization with myelin antigens provoked MS-like brain lesions in mice. The distribution of these lesions was diffuse, as in MS, in contrast to the spinal cord-restricted lesions of most animal models. ETX bound to endothelial cells of the CNS to enhance immune cell trafficking through the blood-brain barrier into inflammatory brain lessons. ETX also binds to human, but not murine, white blood cells, perhaps altering immune responses. Barrier disruption and changes in immunity due to the toxin could alter the benefits of immune-modulatory MS therapies and are likely to interact with the complex genetics and environmental influences seen in MS.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.