ReviewHuman cell2023
Neutrophil (dys)function due to altered immuno-metabolic axis in type 2 diabetes: implications in combating infections.
Review in Human cell, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association between stress hyperglycemia ratio and prognosis of patients hospitalized with COVID-19: A meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Pooled it
- Travel-Associated Melioidosis in Non-Endemic Regions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Association between stress hyperglycemia ratio and all-cause mortality among ICU patients with sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Diabetes mellitus and the risk of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of Saudi medicinePooled it
- Risk Factors for Secondary Immunodeficiency in the Aged.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2026Review
- Impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on asymptomatic bacteriuria in T2DM: prevalence, pathogens and risk factors.Infection · 2026Article
- Diabetes Mellitus with Influenza Virus and Subsequent Bacterial Infection: Triple Pathological Interactions and Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Evaluation of neutrophil oxidative burst capacity in relation to major adverse cardiac events and infection in patients with cardiovascular disease.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Article
- Article
- Association of Diabetes Mellitus With a Shared Hyperinflammatory Immune Response in Patients With Melioidosis and Patients With Tuberculosis: An Observational Case-Control Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in diabetes mellitus and its complications: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications.iScience · 2026Review
- Tobacco-Induced Oral Dysbiosis and Microbial Shifts: A Narrative Review of Their Role in Systemic Inflammation and Disease.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Re-evaluating cytokine storm syndromes: dysregulated host defense or contextual immune adaptation?European cytokine network · 2026Review
- Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Mechanisms in Vascular Aging and Related Therapeutic Strategies.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- <p>Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus wake-up call: fatal streptococcal toxic shock syndrome triggered by the M1(UK) Streptococcus pyogenes - a case report with genomic insights.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Diabesity and Oral Immunity: Exploring the Interconnection.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Low zinc status and long-term risk of incident sepsis in patients with type 2 diabetes: a multicenter cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- The interplay between type 2 diabetes mellitus and sepsis: a scoping review.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- The dual threat of hypervirulent and multidrug-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Metabolic and inflammatory pathways are highly interdependent, and both systems are dysregulated in Type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D is associated with pre-activated inflammatory signaling networks, aberrant cytokine production and increased acute phase reactants which leads to a pro-inflammatory 'feed forward loop'. Nutrient 'excess' conditions in T2D with hyperglycemia, elevated lipids and branched-chain amino acids significantly alter the functions of immune cells including neutrophils. Neutrophils are metabolically active cells and utilizes energy from glycolysis, stored glycogen and β-oxidation while depending on the pentose phosphate pathway for NADPH for performing effector functions such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis and forming extracellular traps. Metabolic changes in T2D result in constitutive activation and impeded acquisition of effector or regulatory activities of neutrophils and render T2D subjects for recurrent infections. Increased flux through the polyol and hexosamine pathways, elevated production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and activation of protein kinase C isoforms lead to (a) an enhancement in superoxide generation; (b) the stimulation of inflammatory pathways and subsequently to (c) abnormal host responses. Neutrophil dysfunction diminishes the effectiveness of wound healing, successful tissue regeneration and immune surveillance against offending pathogens. Hence, Metabolic reprogramming in neutrophils determines frequency, severity and duration of infections in T2D. The present review discusses the influence of the altered immuno-metabolic axis on neutrophil dysfunction along with challenges and therapeutic opportunities for clinical management of T2D-associated infections.
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