ArticleJournal of neurology2023
Encephalitis in HIV-infected adults in the antiretroviral therapy era.
Article in Journal of neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- West Nile Virus in People with HIV: Immune Vulnerability, Neuroinvasive Disease, and Diagnostic Challenges.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Review
- Pathogens of the human central nervous system-the major viral pathogens.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- Management of CMV encephalitis with persistent CSF CMV DNA in a patient with HIV: a case report of successful treatment with ganciclovir-foscarnet combination therapy.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Encephalitis in Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent Patients: A Comparative Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- HIV-associated CD8+ encephalitis confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid flow cytometry: first case in Colombia.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionEncephalitis presents with high morbidity and mortality in both HIV-infected and HIV-negative patients. There are currently no studies comparing HIV-infected and HIV-negative patients admitted to the hospital with acute encephalitis.
methodsWe conducted a multicenter, retrospective study of adults admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of encephalitis in Houston, Texas between 2005 and 2020. We describe the clinical manifestations, etiology, and outcomes of these patients with a focus on those infected with HIV.
resultsWe identified 260 patients with encephalitis, 40 of whom were infected with HIV. Viral etiology was identified in 18 of the 40 HIV-infected patients (45.0%); bacterial in 9 (22.5%); parasitic in 5 (12.5%); fungal in 3 (7.5%); immune-mediated in 2 (5.0%). Eleven cases had unclear etiology (27.5%). More than one disease process was identified in 12 (30.0%) patients. HIV-infected persons were more likely to have neurosyphilis (8/40 vs. 1/220; OR 55; 95%CI 6.6-450), CMV encephalitis [5/18 vs. 1/30; OR 11.2 (1.18-105)], or VZV encephalitis (8/21 vs. 10/89; OR 4.82; 1.62-14.6) compared to the HIV-negative patients. Inpatient mortality was similar in the HIV-infected and HIV-negative patients, 15.0% vs 9.5% [p = 0.4, OR 1.67 (0.63-4.44)], but one-year mortality was higher for the HIV-infected patients, 31.3% vs 16.0% [p = 0.04, OR 2.40 (1.02-5.55)].
conclusionThis large, multicenter study shows that HIV-infected patients with encephalitis have a distinct pattern of disease when compared with HIV-negative patients, and that this population has nearly twice the odds of mortality in the year following hospitalization.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.