ArticleEuropean radiology2023
Gd-EOB MRI for HCC subtype differentiation in a western population according to the 5
Article in European radiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Detection and differentiation of atypical hepatocellular carcinomas].Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Imaging for molecular and pathological subtyping of hepatocellular carcinoma-a critical appraisal and future directions.European radiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Associations between the SMARS score derived from CT and MRI with histopathological features in HCC.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Associations between dynamic-contrast enhanced MRI with histopathological features in atypical HCC using spatial co-registration with biopsy.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Article
- Clear cell hepatocellular carcinoma: Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging features and prognosis.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2024Article
- Imaging and prognostic characterization of fat-containing hepatocellular carcinoma subtypes.La Radiologia medica · 2024Article
- Multimodal imaging findings of primary liver clear cell carcinoma: a case presentation.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
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11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
objectivesTo investigate the value of gadoxetic acid (Gd-EOB)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for noninvasive subtype differentiation of HCCs according to the 5
methodsThis retrospective study included 262 resected lesions in 240 patients with preoperative Gd-EOB-enhanced MRI. Subtypes were assigned by two pathologists. Gd-EOB-enhanced MRI datasets were assessed by two radiologists for qualitative and quantitative imaging features, including imaging features defined in LI-RADS v2018 and area of hepatobiliary phase (HBP) iso- to hyperintensity.
resultsThe combination of non-rim arterial phase hyperenhancement with non-peripheral portal venous washout was more common in "not otherwise specified" (nos-ST) (88/168, 52%) than other subtypes, in particular macrotrabecular massive (mt-ST) (3/15, 20%), chromophobe (ch-ST) (1/8, 13%), and scirrhous subtypes (sc-ST) (2/9, 22%) (p = 0.035). Macrovascular invasion was associated with mt-ST (5/16, p = 0.033) and intralesional steatosis with steatohepatitic subtype (sh-ST) (28/32, p < 0.001). Predominant iso- to hyperintensity in the HBP was only present in nos-ST (16/174), sh-ST (3/33), and clear cell subtypes (cc-ST) (3/13) (p = 0.031). Associations were found for the following non-imaging parameters: age and sex, as patients with fibrolamellar subtype (fib-ST) were younger (median 44 years (19-66), p < 0.001) and female (4/5, p = 0.023); logarithm of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was elevated in the mt-ST (median 397 µg/l (74-5370), p < 0.001); type II diabetes mellitus was more frequent in the sh-ST (20/33, p = 0.027).
conclusionsGd-EOB-MRI reproduces findings reported in the literature for extracellular contrast-enhanced MRI and CT and may be a valuable tool for noninvasive HCC subtype differentiation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Better characterization of the heterogeneous phenotypes of HCC according to the revised WHO classification potentially improves both diagnostic accuracy and the precision of therapeutic stratification for HCC. KEY POINTS: • Previously reported imaging features of common subtypes in CT and MRI enhanced with extracellular contrast agents are reproducible with Gd-EOB-enhanced MRI. • While uncommon, predominant iso- to hyperintensity in the HBP was observed only in NOS, clear cell, and steatohepatitic subtypes. • Gd-EOB-enhanced MRI offers imaging features that are of value for HCC subtype differentiation according to the 5
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