ArticleCurrent pharmaceutical design2023
Vaporized Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol Inhalation in Female Sprague Dawley Rats: A Pharmacokinetic and Behavioral Assessment.
Article in Current pharmaceutical design, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Context-dependent attention and memory outcomes resulting from combined prenatal THC and nicotine exposure following chronic stress.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2026Article
- Chronic THC Inhalation During Early Adulthood Exacerbates Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss in a Rat Model of Osteoporosis.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Chronic Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Inhalation Following Osteoporosis Results in Bone Deficits.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Cannabinoid Vaping Products: Regulation, Composition, Toxicological Effects, and Emerging Research.Chemical research in toxicology · 2025Review
- Article
- Effects of cannabis smoke and oral Δ9THC on cognition in young adult and aged rats.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Behavioral and Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Nicotine e-Cigarette Inhalation in Female Rats.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Fatty acid binding protein 7 plays an important modulatory sex-dependent role on brain endocannabinoid levels and THC metabolism.PloS one · 2024Article
- Pharmacokinetics of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol following acute cannabis smoke exposure in mice; effects of sex, age, and strain.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDelta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive component of cannabis. Historically, rodent studies examining the effects of THC have used intraperitoneal injection as the route of administration, heavily focusing on male subjects. However, human cannabis use is often through inhalation rather than injection.
objectiveWe sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic and phenotypic profile of acutely inhaled THC in female rats, compared to intraperitoneal injection, to identify any differences in exposure of THC between routes of administration.
methodsAdult female rats were administered THC via inhalation or intraperitoneal injection. Serum samples from multiple time points were analyzed for THC and metabolites 11-hydroxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Rats were similarly treated for locomotor activity analysis.
resultsRats treated with 2 mg/kg THC intraperitoneally reached a maximum serum THC concentration of 107.7 ± 21.9 ng/mL. Multiple THC inhalation doses were also examined (0.25 mL of 40 or 160 mg/mL THC), achieving maximum concentrations of 43.3 ± 7.2 and 71.6 ± 22.5 ng/mL THC in serum, respectively. Significantly reduced vertical locomotor activity was observed in the lower inhaled dose of THC and the intraperitoneal injected THC dose compared to vehicle treatment.
conclusionThis study established a simple rodent model of inhaled THC, demonstrating the pharmacokinetic and locomotor profile of acute THC inhalation, compared to an i.p. injected THC dose in female subjects. These results will help support future inhalation THC rat research which is especially important when researching behavior and neurochemical effects of inhaled THC as a model of human cannabis use.
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Registered trials
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