ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein alters microglial purinergic signaling.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Exogenous SARS-CoV-2 S1 Protein and mRNA Vaccines on Mixed Neuronal-Glial Cell Cultures.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- From HIV to SARS-CoV-2 associated neurological disorder ("HAND" to "SAND"): Viral infection as a "time-bomb" for the aging brain.Neuroscience applied · 2026Review
- The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein induces microglia senescence-mediated cognitive impairment via Glycolysis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Comprehensive mapping of the signaling events evoked by SARS-CoV-2 variants delta and omicron in human astrocytes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The role of the P2X7 receptor in inactivated SARS-CoV-2-induced lung injury.Purinergic signalling · 2025Article
- Review
- Purinergic signaling in the battlefield of viral infections.Purinergic signalling · 2025Review
- TLR2/NF-κB signaling in macrophage/microglia mediated COVID-pain induced by SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein.iScience · 2024Article
- Review
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Long-COVID Scenario and the Therapeutic Potential of the Purinergic System in Neuromodulation.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Self-DNA driven inflammation in COVID-19 and after mRNA-based vaccination: lessons for non-COVID-19 pathologies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite long-term sequelae of COVID-19 are emerging as a substantial public health concern, the mechanism underlying these processes still unclear. Evidence demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein can reach different brain regions, irrespective of viral brain replication resulting in activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and neuroinflammation. Considering that microglia dysfunction, which is regulated by a whole array of purinergic receptors, may be a central event in COVID-19 neuropathology, we investigated the impact of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein on microglial purinergic signaling. Here, we demonstrate that cultured microglial cells (BV2 line) exposed to Spike protein induce ATP secretion and upregulation of P2Y
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.