ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
3D cancer models: One step closer to
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current Perspectives on 2D and 3D Cell Culture Models in Cancer Research: Molecular Determinants of Tumor Biology and Therapeutic Response.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Current Research in Polypharmacology for Cancer Treatment Using Dual-Target Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Natural Killer Cell Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors: Microenvironmental Obstacles and Translational 3D Models.Biology · 2026Review
- Next-generation osteosarcoma models for precision medicine.Communications biology · 2026Review
- A novel combination therapy for ER+ breast cancer suppresses drug resistance via an evolutionary double-bind.Molecular systems biology · 2026Article
- Using biomaterial-based 3D in vitro cancer models to solve current clinical problems.British journal of cancer · 2026Review
- Methods and applications of patient-derived organoid models for immune microenvironment and immunotherapy research in multiple cancer types.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Dissecting Cancer Metabolism and Therapeutic Resistance Using In Vitro Platforms.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Plying potency assays for immunotherapy of solid tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Microfluidic chips for decoding cancer-immune crosstalk in immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Injectable Nanocomposite Biomaterial for 3D Printing of Personalized Matrices and Their Use in Bioreactors for Bioengineering Advanced Cell Culture Models.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Three-Dimensional Tumor Spheroids of Pancreatic and Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines for High-Throughput Screening of Drug Candidates.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Spheromatrix: a paper-based platform for scalable 3D tumor model generation, cryopreservation, and high-throughput drug assessment.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025Article
- High-Throughput 3D Bioprinted Organoids of Skin Cancer Utilized for Diagnosis and Personalized Therapy.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- 3D bioprinted melanoma models: a novel paradigm for the assessment of anticancer strategies combining PDT and drug delivery systems.Biomedical engineering online · 2025Review
- The Current State of Research in the Field of Photosensitizers and Photoactivators for Photodynamic/Photothermal Cancer Therapy: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Lung cancer intravasation-on-a-chip: Visualization and machine learning-assisted automatic quantification.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Data-Driven SustainableACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of 3D-culture techniques for multicellular colorectal tumour spheroids and development of a novel SW48 3D-model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is the great breakthrough in cancer treatment as it displayed prolonged progression-free survival over conventional therapies, yet, to date, in only a minority of patients. In order to broad cancer immunotherapy clinical applicability some roadblocks need to be overcome, first among all the lack of preclinical models that faithfully depict the local tumor microenvironment (TME), which is known to dramatically affect disease onset, progression and response to therapy. In this review, we provide the reader with a detailed overview of current 3D models developed to mimick the complexity and the dynamics of the TME, with a focus on understanding why the TME is a major target in anticancer therapy. We highlight the advantages and translational potentials of tumor spheroids, organoids and immune Tumor-on-a-Chip models in disease modeling and therapeutic response, while outlining pending challenges and limitations. Thinking forward, we focus on the possibility to integrate the know-hows of micro-engineers, cancer immunologists, pharmaceutical researchers and bioinformaticians to meet the needs of cancer researchers and clinicians interested in using these platforms with high fidelity for patient-tailored disease modeling and drug discovery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.