Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37113773›Full record

ArticleHeliyon2023

Investigation of antioxidant and antibacterial effects of citrus fruits peels extracts using different extracting agents: Phytochemical analysis with in silico studies.

Muhammad Saleem, Arjumand Iqbal Durani, Asnuzilawati Asari, Mahmood Ahmed, Muhammad Ahmad, Numan Yousaf, Muhammad Muddassar

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Heliyon, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
7.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Anticariogenic effect of herbal extracts and other commercial products againstJournal of conservative dentistry and endodontics · 2025
    Article
  11. Assessment of the Anti-Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Metabolites · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Antioxidant Compounds and Health Benefits of Citrus Fruits.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article
  18. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Muhammad SaleemDepartment of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
Arjumand Iqbal DuraniDepartment of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
Asnuzilawati AsariFaculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Mahmood AhmedDepartment of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad AhmadDepartment of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
Numan YousafDepartment of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Muhammad MuddassarDepartment of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
COMSATS University Islamabad · PKUniversity of Education · PKUniversity of Engineering and Technology Lahore · PKUniversiti Malaysia Terengganu · MY

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The peels extracted from various citrus species are major source of phenols, flavonoids and anti-microbial agents. The purpose of this study was a detailed investigation of the phytochemical and pharmacological character of the ethanolic (80%), methanolic and acetone extracts of the peel of local variants of orange (lemon, grape fruit, mousami, fruiter, and shikri malta). The extracts were studied to find out the total phenolic contents (TPC), and total flavonoids (TF) present. The antioxidant activities were assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging effect, and the reducing power was determined through free radical scavenging activity (FRAP) assays. The sensitivity of four bacterial strains to peels extracts was examined by applying the diffusion disc on agar medium method. It was found that ethanol was the best extracting agent for TPC and TF in fruit peels under study. The highest TPC (21.33 ± 0.06 mg GAE/g) was quantified in orange peels, whereas fruiter contained the lowest TPC (20.40 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g) in ethanolic extract. The highest amount of TF (2.02 ± 0.08 mg QE/g) was quantified in lemon peels, whereas shikri malta contained lowest quantity of TF (1.04 ± 0.02 mg QE/g). The highest free radical scavenging activity (93.1%) of DPPH was exhibited by lemon peels, whereas the least activity (78.6%) was shown by mousami peels. Ethanolic extract of orange peels demonstrated more reducing power while showing an absorption of 1.98, followed by methanolic (1.11) and acetone (0.81) extracts. The inhibition effect of methanolic extract of lemon peels (inhibition zone = 18 mm) against

Indexed as

Biological activitiesCitrus peelsFlavonoidsMolecular dockingPhenolic contents

Identifiers

PMID37113773
PMCPMC10126929
OpenAlexW4363649753

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.