ReviewFrontiers in physiology2023
Sex differences in musculoskeletal injury and disease risks across the lifespan: Are there unique subsets of females at higher risk than males for these conditions at distinct stages of the life cycle?
Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of COVID-19 related lockdown restrictions on musculoskeletal health: a systematic review.Rheumatology international · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of knee and hip joint positions on passive stiffness of the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis in healthy individuals.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- A Thematic Narrative Review of Osteoarthritis Risk Factors Across the Female Life Course.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Sex Hormones & Exercise in the Musculoskeletal System: From Signaling to Structure and Function.Endocrine reviews · 2026Article
- Sex difference in outcomes and risk factors for lumbar decompressive surgery.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Development and internal validation of a field-based triage tool for lumbopelvic-hip dysfunction in collegiate athletes.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
- Other musculoskeletal disorders in China, 1990-2021, and projections to 2050: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Incidental durotomy in lumbar decompressive surgery: incidence and risk-factors, and the effect of durotomy on hospital and patient metrics.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Article
- Regulation of Joint Tissues and Joint Function: Is There Potential for Lessons to Be Learned Regarding Regulatory Control from Joint Hypermobility Syndromes?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Connecting the dots: sex, depression, and musculoskeletal health.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Review
- The Heterogeneity of Post-Menopausal Disease Risk: Could the Basis for Why Only Subsets of Females Are Affected Be Due to a Reversible Epigenetic Modification System Associated with Puberty, Menstrual Cycles, Pregnancy and Lactation, and, Ultimately, Menopause?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Regular Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use Increases Stress Fracture Risk in the General Population: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.Advances in orthopedics · 2024Article
- Sex difference in IRONMAN age group triathletes.PloS one · 2024Article
- γ-Aminobutyric acids (GABA) and serum GABA/AABA (G/A) ratio as potential biomarkers of physical performance and aging.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Review
- Sex matters: the frequently overlooked importance of considering sex in computational models.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase 2 results in a macrophage polarization shift to M2 which attenuates local and systemic inflammation and reduces heterotopic ossification after polysystem extremity trauma.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sex differences have been reported for diseases of the musculoskeletal system (MSK) as well as the risk for injuries to tissues of the MSK system. For females, some of these occur prior to the onset of puberty, following the onset of puberty, and following the onset of menopause. Therefore, they can occur across the lifespan. While some conditions are related to immune dysfunction, others are associated with specific tissues of the MSK more directly. Based on this life spectrum of sex differences in both risk for injury and onset of diseases, a role for sex hormones in the initiation and progression of this risk is somewhat variable. Sex hormone receptor expression and functioning can also vary with life events such as the menstrual cycle in females, with different tissues being affected. Furthermore, some sex hormone receptors can affect gene expression independent of sex hormones and some transitional events such as puberty are accompanied by epigenetic alterations that can further lead to sex differences in MSK gene regulation. Some of the sex differences in injury risk and the post-menopausal disease risk may be "imprinted" in the genomes of females and males during development and sex hormones and their consequences only modulators of such risks later in life as the sex hormone milieu changes. The purpose of this review is to discuss some of the relevant conditions associated with sex differences in risks for loss of MSK tissue integrity across the lifespan, and further discuss several of the implications of their variable relationship with sex hormones, their receptors and life events.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.