Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37112957›Full record

ArticleViruses2023

Treatment with Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Ligands 3 and 21 Prevents Fecal Contact Transmission of Low Pathogenic H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) in Chickens.

Sugandha Raj, Ayumi Matsuyama-Kato, Mohammadali Alizadeh, Nitish Boodhoo, Eva Nagy, Samira Mubareka, Khalil Karimi, Shahriar Behboudi, Shayan Sharif

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Viruses, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Sugandha RajDepartment of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Ayumi Matsuyama-KatoDepartment of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Mohammadali AlizadehDepartment of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-2696-7079
Nitish BoodhooDepartment of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Eva NagyDepartment of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Samira MubarekaSunnybrook Research Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
Khalil KarimiDepartment of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-7245-5851
Shahriar BehboudiThe Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NE, Surrey, UK.
Shayan SharifDepartment of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
University of Guelph · CASunnybrook Health Science Centre · CAThe Pirbright Institute · GB

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BBS/E/I/00007030Wellcome Trust 053239
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Transmission of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) can occur in poultry by direct or indirect contact with infected individuals, aerosols, large droplets and fomites. The current study investigated the potential of H9N2 AIV transmission in chickens via a fecal route. Transmission was monitored by exposing naïve chickens to fecal material from H9N2 AIV-infected chickens (model A) and experimentally spiked feces (model B). The control chickens received H9N2 AIV. Results revealed that H9N2 AIV could persist in feces for up to 60-84 h post-exposure (PE). The H9N2 AIV titers in feces were higher at a basic to neutral pH. A higher virus shedding was observed in the exposed chickens of model B compared to model A. We further addressed the efficacy of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands to limit transmission in the fecal model. Administration of CpG ODN 2007 or poly(I:C) alone or in combination led to an overall decrease in the virus shedding, with enhanced expression of type I and II interferons (IFNs) and interferon-stimulating genes (ISGs) in different segments of the small intestine. Overall, the study highlighted that the H9N2 AIV can survive in feces and transmit to healthy naïve chickens. Moreover, TLR ligands could be applied to transmission studies to enhance antiviral immunity and reduce H9N2 AIV shedding.

Indexed as

Influenza A Virus, H9N2 SubtypeInfluenza in BirdsPoultry DiseasesAnimalsChickensFecesLigandsToll-Like ReceptorsLigandsToll-Like ReceptorsAIVantiviralchickensfecesfomitesH9N2infectioninterferonsintestinepersistencespikeToll-like-receptortransmission

Identifiers

PMID37112957
PMCPMC10146471
OpenAlexW4366089406

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.