Spatial and Temporal Variations of Heavy Metals' Bioavailability in Soils Regulated by a Combined Material of Calcium Sulfate and Ferric Oxide.

Chi Zhang, Jie Li, Yuxia Dai, Williamson Gustave, Weiwei Zhai, Zhong Zhong, Jianmeng Chen

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Toxics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Chi ZhangKey Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310058, China.

Jie LiZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.

Yuxia DaiZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.

Williamson GustaveSchool of Chemistry, Environmental & Life Sciences, University of the Bahamas, New Providence, Nassau P.O. Box N-4912, Bahamas.

Weiwei ZhaiKey Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310058, China.

Zhong ZhongZhejiang Key Laborary of Environmental Protect Technology, Eco-Environmental Sciences Research & Design Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310007, China.

Jianmeng ChenKey Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310058, China.

Funding

National Key R&D Program of China 2018YFC1800506National Natural Science Foundation of China 41907101

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Heavy metal pollution in soils threatens food safety and human health. Calcium sulfate and ferric oxide are commonly used to immobilize heavy metals in soils. However, the spatial and temporal variations of the heavy metals' bioavailability in soils regulated by a combined material of calcium sulfate and ferric oxide (CSF) remain unclear. In this work, two soil column experiments were conducted to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of CSF immobilized Cd, Pb, and As. In the horizontal soil column, the results showed that CSF's immobilization range for Cd increased over time, and adding CSF in the center of the soil column decreased the concentrations of bioavailable Cd significantly, up to 8 cm away by day 100. The CSF immobilization effect on Pb and As only existed in the center of the soil column. The CSF's immobilization depths for Cd and Pb in the vertical soil column increased over time and extended to 20 cm deep by day 100. However, the CSF's immobilization depths for As only extended to between 5 and 10 cm deep after 100 days of incubation. Overall, the results from this study can serve as a guide to determine the CSF application frequency and spacing distance for the in-situ immobilization of heavy metals in soils.

Indexed as

bioavailabilityheavy metalsin-situ immobilizationsoilspatial and temporal variations

Identifiers

PMID37112523

DOI10.3390/toxics11040296

PMCPMC10142891

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.