ArticlePharmaceutics2023
Microbubble-Assisted Ultrasound for Drug Delivery to the Retina in an Ex Vivo Eye Model.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbubble-assisted pLIFU enhances riboflavin delivery and corneal cross-linking in an in vivo rabbit keratoconus-like model.Ultrasonics sonochemistry · 2026Article
- Advances in ultrasound-assisted drug delivery and clinical application.Ultrasonics sonochemistry · 2026Review
- Ferroptosis and microglial polarization in retinal vein occlusion: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Recent Advances in Smart Polymers-Based Therapeutics in Ophthalmology.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- A mobile system for whole eye perfusion supporting retinal function and surgery.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Ultrasound-Mediated Ocular Drug Delivery: From Physics and Instrumentation to Future Directions.Micromachines · 2023Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound-Induced Blood-Retinal Barrier Opening in Mice.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Drug delivery to the retina is one of the major challenges in ophthalmology due to the biological barriers that protect it from harmful substances in the body. Despite the advancement in ocular therapeutics, there are many unmet needs for the treatment of retinal diseases. Ultrasound combined with microbubbles (USMB) was proposed as a minimally invasive method for improving delivery of drugs in the retina from the blood circulation. This study aimed to investigate the applicability of USMB for the delivery of model drugs (molecular weight varying from 600 Da to 20 kDa) in the retina of ex vivo porcine eyes. A clinical ultrasound system, in combination with microbubbles approved for clinical ultrasound imaging, was used for the treatment. Intracellular accumulation of model drugs was observed in the cells lining blood vessels in the retina and choroid of eyes treated with USMB but not in eyes that received ultrasound only. Specifically, 25.6 ± 2.9% of cells had intracellular uptake at mechanical index (MI) 0.2 and 34.5 ± 6.0% at MI 0.4. Histological examination of retinal and choroid tissues revealed that at these USMB conditions, no irreversible alterations were induced at the USMB conditions used. These results indicate that USMB can be used as a minimally invasive targeted means to induce intracellular accumulation of drugs for the treatment of retinal diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.