ReviewPharmaceutics2023
Time to Kill and Time to Heal: The Multifaceted Role of Lactoferrin and Lactoferricin in Host Defense.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Dietary Lactoferrin-Osteopontin Complexes on Immune Function, Intestinal Health and Microbiota Composition in Kittens.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Retracing the origin and evolution of a cryptic antimicrobial peptide within mammalian lactoferrin.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Dairy Bioactive Compounds as Precision Modulators of Gut Microbiota: From Molecular Mechanisms to Personalized Immunometabolic Health.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Bioactive Peptides from Bovine Colostrum: Sources, Structures, and Biomedical Applications.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory Role of Milk on Gut Microbiota: Implications for Enhancing Oral Vaccine Efficacy.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Lactoferrin and Its Enzymatic Hydrolysates as Natural Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Agents for Food Preservation.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Glycyrrhizic acid-loaded biomimetic hybrid liposomes targeting inflammatory cascades and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway to reverse neuroinflammation-driven cognitive decline.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- From dysbiosis to precision medicine: targeting the microbial-metabolic axis in IBD management.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Immunity: defense against infections essential for all living organisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exploratory bioinformatics analysis for identifying candidate biomarkers of type 1 diabetes mellitus.PeerJ · 2026Article
- Bovine lactoferrin maintains antibacterial effect against neonatalJournal of medical microbiology · 2026Article
- The in vitro activity of iron chelator deferiprone against Candida (Candidozyma) auris in combination with antifungal agents.Medical mycology · 2025Article
- Koumiss (Fermented Mare's Milk) as a Functional Food: Bioactive Proteins, Peptides, and Future Perspectives.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Combinatorial Efficacy of Nisin and Lactoferrin against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Induced Experimental Pulmonary Infection Model.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- Review
- Colostrum-Derived Exosomal Lactoferrin Promotes Skin Fibroblast Regeneration by Suppressing Inflammatory Responses.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- The Role of Lactoferrin in CombatingMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Exploring intracellular anti-mycobacterium activity of lactoferricin-loaded niosomes: proteomics insights into Immunomodulation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein present in most human exocrine fluids, particularly breast milk. Lactoferrin is also released from neutrophil granules, and its concentration increases rapidly at the site of inflammation. Immune cells of both the innate and the adaptive immune system express receptors for lactoferrin to modulate their functions in response to it. On the basis of these interactions, lactoferrin plays many roles in host defense, ranging from augmenting or calming inflammatory pathways to direct killing of pathogens. Complex biological activities of lactoferrin are determined by its ability to sequester iron and by its highly basic N-terminus, via which lactoferrin binds to a plethora of negatively charged surfaces of microorganisms and viruses, as well as to mammalian cells, both normal and cancerous. Proteolytic cleavage of lactoferrin in the digestive tract generates smaller peptides, such as N-terminally derived lactoferricin. Lactoferricin shares some of the properties of lactoferrin, but also exhibits unique characteristics and functions. In this review, we discuss the structure, functions, and potential therapeutic uses of lactoferrin, lactoferricin, and other lactoferrin-derived bioactive peptides in treating various infections and inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, we summarize clinical trials examining the effect of lactoferrin supplementation in disease treatment, with a special focus on its potential use in treating COVID-19.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.