ReviewPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Clinical Spectrum, Radiological Findings, and Outcomes of Severe Toxoplasmosis in Immunocompetent Hosts: A Systematic Review.
Review in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toxoplasmosis in the Era of Targeted Immunotherapy: A Systematic Review of Emerging Cases Linked to Biologics and Small Molecules in Autoimmune Diseases, Oncology and Transplantation.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of Human Toxoplasmosis in Spain Throughout the Three Last Decades (1993-2023): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Pooled it
- HarnessingAnnals of medicine · 2026Review
- Targeting reactivated toxoplasmosis: therapeutic efficacy of the green-synthesized copper nanoparticles combined with pyrimethamine.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Amazonian toxoplasmosis complicated by severe hypoxemic pneumonia and myopericarditis in an immunocompetent adult.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Double Trouble: An Uncommon Case of Ocular Toxoplasmosis in a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Patient.Cureus · 2026Article
- Outbreak of toxoplasmosis with pulmonary involvement in immunocompetent military populationBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2026Article
- Toxoplasmosis Acquired in French Guiana in Immunocompetent Adults: Case Series From 2002 to 2019, With a Focus on Outpatients.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Dense granule proteins: key mediators ofFrontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Linalool as a potential agent against Toxoplasma gondii: an in vitro study.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Research on inner membrane complex protein 1: a novel nanovaccines against Toxoplasma gondii.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Emerging Trends in Toxoplasmosis Seroepidemiology in Childbearing-Aged Women in Croatia, 2015-2024.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Acute Toxoplasmosis in Two Immunocompetent Colombian Soldiers after Ingestion of Undercooked Squirrel Meat.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Deciphering Positive Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin M Test Results in Immunocompetent Adults Hospitalized With Illness Suspicious for Acute Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Multihospital Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Inborn Errors of Immunity Among Patients with Opportunistic Pulmonary Infection.Clinics in chest medicine · 2025Review
- Antibody Responses to EBV and Toxoplasma and Their Genetic Links to Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Investigation of Virulence-Related Markers in Atypical Strains ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Acute Febrile Illness Accompanied by 7th and 12th Cranial Nerve Palsy Due to Lyme Disease Following Travel to Rural Ecuador: A Case Report and Mini-Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Pulmonary toxoplasmosis in a multiple myeloma patient: A Case report and literature review.International journal of molecular and cellular medicine · 2025Article
- Toxoplasmosis in a case with multiple serous effusions and severe aplastic anemia.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAccumulating evidence suggests that toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent hosts can be severe and life-threatening.
methodsWe performed a systematic review of severe toxoplasmosis cases in immunocompetent patients to gain insight into the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, radiological findings, and outcomes of these cases. We classified severe toxoplasmosis as cases with the symptomatic involvement of target organs (the lungs, central nervous system (CNS), and heart), disseminated disease, prolonged disease (>3 months), or a fatal outcome. Our primary analysis focused on cases published from 1985-2022 to avoid confounding with cases in AIDS patients.
resultsWe identified 82 pertinent articles (1985-2022) with a total of 117 eligible cases; the top five countries for these cases were French Guiana (20%), France (15%), Colombia (9%), India (9%), and Brazil (7%). Overall, 44% (51/117) of cases had pulmonary involvement, 39% (46/117) CNS, 31% (36/117) cardiac, 24% (28/117) disseminated disease, 2% (2/117) had prolonged disease, and 8% (9/117) of patients died. More than one organ was involved in 26% (31/117) of cases. Eighty-four percent (98/117) of cases occurred in the context of a recent acute primary
conclusionThe diagnosis of severe toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent hosts can be challenging. Toxoplasmosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of immunocompetent patients presenting with severe illness of unclear etiology with pulmonary, cardiac, CNS, or multiorgan involvement/failure, or prolonged febrile illness, even in the absence of common exposure risk factors or common manifestations of toxoplasmosis (e.g., fever, mononucleosis-like illness, lymphadenopathy, and chorioretinitis). Fatal outcomes can also rarely occur in immunocompetent patients. Prompt initiation of anti-
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