ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Extensive CArdioVAscular Characterization and Follow-Up of Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Prospective Multicenter Study.
Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05699915 (Extensive CArdioVAscular Characterization and Follow-up of Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Extensive CArdioVAscular Characterization and Follow-up of Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: a Prospective Multicentre Study
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of Troponins in CardioOncology.Current treatment options in oncology · 2026Review
- Antibody-drug conjugates in breast cancer brain and leptomeningeal metastases: mechanistic insights and therapeutic progress.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Screened But Unproven: Reconsidering Routine Troponin Monitoring in ICI Therapy.JACC. CardioOncology · 2026Article
- Advancing precision cardio-oncology: multimodal surveillance and stratified management of immunotherapy-induced cardiovascular toxicity.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- A review of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and biomarkers.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis: a historical and comprehensive review.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2025Review
- Cardiovascular adverse effects of immunotherapy in cancer: insights and implications.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Close Cardiovascular Monitoring during the Early Stages of Treatment for Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Examining the Effects of Dasatinib, Sorafenib, and Nilotinib on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Insights into Proliferation, Migration, and Gene Expression Dynamics.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of both advanced and early stages of various malignancies has resulted in a substantial increase in the incidence of cardiovascular (CV) immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The current follow-up guidelines are based on anecdotal evidence and expert opinions, due to a lack of solid data and prospective studies. As many questions remain unanswered, cardiac monitoring, in patients receiving ICIs, is not always implemented by oncologists. Hence, an urgent need to investigate the possible short- and long-term CV effects of ICIs, as ICI approval is continuing to expand to the (neo)adjuvant setting.
methodsWe have initiated a prospective, multicenter study, i.e., the CAVACI trial, in which a minimum of 276 patients with a solid tumor, eligible for ICI treatment, will be enrolled. The study consists of routine investigations of blood parameters (troponin and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, in particular) and a thorough CV follow-up (electrocardiograms, transthoracic echocardiograms, and coronary calcium scoring) at fixed time points for a total period of two years. The primary endpoint is the cumulative incidence of troponin elevation in the first three months of ICI treatment, compared to baseline levels. Furthermore, secondary endpoints include incidence above the upper limit of normal of both troponin and NT-proBNP levels, evolution in troponin and NT-proBNP levels, the incidence of CV abnormalities/major adverse cardiac events, evaluation of associations between patient characteristics/biochemical parameters and CV events, transthoracic echocardiography parameters, electrocardiography parameters, and progression of coronary atherosclerosis. Recruitment of patients started in January 2022. Enrolment is ongoing in AZ Maria Middelares, Antwerp University Hospital, AZ Sint-Vincentius Deinze, and AZ Sint-Elisabeth Zottegem.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05699915, registered 26 January 2023.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.