ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Thymosin α1 and Its Role in Viral Infectious Diseases: The Mechanism and Clinical Application.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy of thymosin alpha-1 therapy in moderate to critical COVID-19 patients: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Targeting Leukopoiesis: Pharmacological and Biotechnological Strategies for the Treatment of Leukopenia.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Drug Repurposing in Oncology: A Strategic Pathway to Unlocking New Therapeutic Potential.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2026Review
- Cross-Expression of Thymic and Parathyroid Hormone Receptors Supports the Hypothesis of a Parathyroid-Thymus Port System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Thymosin α1 alleviates pulpitis by inhibiting ferroptosis of dental pulp cells.International journal of oral science · 2025Article
- Proposed EU NGT legislation in light of plant genetic variation.Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Review
- Dermal T cell immunity and key regulatory signaling pathways: Implications in immune-mediated alopecia and hair regeneration.Genes & diseases · 2025Review
- Thymic peptides in immune reconstitution and clinical outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.Blood neoplasia · 2025Review
- Canine papillomavirus: status of diagnostic methods and vaccine innovations.Virology journal · 2025Review
- Review
- Expression levels of thymosin α1 in acute myocardial infarction patients and its correlation to cardiac function.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Thymosin α1 Combined with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor Plus Chemotherapy in Platinum-Resistant Recurrent Ovarian Cancer : A Retrospective Analysis.Cancer management and research · 2025Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing combined with proteomics of infected macrophages reveals prothymosin-α as a target for treatment of apical periodontitis.Journal of advanced research · 2024Article
- Primary and secondary defects of the thymus.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Enhanced Immunomodulatory Effects of Thymosin-Alpha-1 in Combination with Polyanionic Carbosilane Dendrimers against HCMV Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Thymosin β4 Regulates the Differentiation of Thymocytes by Controlling the Cytoskeletal Rearrangement and Mitochondrial Transfer of Thymus Epithelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Th22 is the effector cell of thymosin β15-induced hair regeneration in mice.Inflammation and regeneration · 2024Article
- Phenotypic drug discovery: a case for thymosin alpha-1.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Advances in the application and mechanism of bioactive peptides in the treatment of inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Mpox (formerly monkeypox): pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Thymosin α1 (Tα1) is an immunostimulatory peptide that is commonly used as an immune enhancer in viral infectious diseases such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Tα1 can influence the functions of immune cells, such as T cells, B cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells, by interacting with various Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Generally, Tα1 can bind to TLR3/4/9 and activate downstream IRF3 and NF-κB signal pathways, thus promoting the proliferation and activation of target immune cells. Moreover, TLR2 and TLR7 are also associated with Tα1. TLR2/NF-κB, TLR2/p38MAPK, or TLR7/MyD88 signaling pathways are activated by Tα1 to promote the production of various cytokines, thereby enhancing the innate and adaptive immune responses. At present, there are many reports on the clinical application and pharmacological research of Tα1, but there is no systematic review to analyze its exact clinical efficacy in these viral infectious diseases via its modulation of immune function. This review offers an overview and discussion of the characteristics of Tα1, its immunomodulatory properties, the molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects, and its clinical applications in antiviral therapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.