ReviewMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)2023
Assessing Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency: Which Confounders? A Narrative Review.
Review in Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Aerobic Exercise Rejuvenates the Fatigued Brain: Evidence from EEG and Flicker Values.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2026Article
- Critical flicker fusion frequency: confounders and caveats.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Critical flicker fusion frequency assessment: robustness across photopic illumination in experienced divers.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- The Effects of Light on Vertebrate Welfare: A Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Article
- From eyes' microtremors to critical flicker fusion.PloS one · 2025Article
- An Arduino-Powered Device for the Study of White Perception beyond the Visual Chromatic Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency.Journal of imaging · 2024Article
- Article
- Reply to Mankowska et al. Comment on "Muth et al. Assessing Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency: Which Confounders? A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Comment on Muth et al. Assessing Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency: Which Confounders? A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The critical flicker fusion frequency (cFFF) refers to the frequency at which a regularly recurring change of light stimuli is perceived as steady. The cFFF threshold is often assessed in clinics to evaluate the temporal characteristics of the visual system, making it a common test for eye diseases. Additionally, it serves as a helpful diagnostic tool for various neurological and internal diseases. In the field of diving/hyperbaric medicine, cFFF has been utilized to determine alertness and cognitive functions. Changes in the cFFF threshold have been linked to the influence of increased respiratory gas partial pressures, although there exist inconsistent results regarding this effect. Moreover, the use of flicker devices has produced mixed outcomes in previous studies. This narrative review aims to explore confounding factors that may affect the accuracy of cFFF threshold measurements, particularly in open-field studies. We identify five broad categories of such factors, including (1) participant characteristics, (2) optical factors, (3) smoking/drug use, (4) environmental aspects, and (5) breathing gases and partial pressures. We also discuss the application of cFFF measurements in the field of diving and hyperbaric medicine. In addition, we provide recommendations for interpreting changes in the cFFF threshold and how they are reported in research studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.