ReviewJournal of personalized medicine2023
Investigating the Role of Maintenance TMS Protocols for Major Depression: Systematic Review and Future Perspectives for Personalized Interventions.
Review in Journal of personalized medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early or recent trauma in treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review.CNS spectrums · 2025Pooled it
- Optimally combining transcranial magnetic stimulation with antidepressants in major depressive disorder: A systematic review and Meta-analysis.Journal of affective disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists professional practice guidelines for the administration of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2024Guideline
- Stanford neuromodulation therapy for treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Preliminary clinical and electrophysiological findings of NAc/ALIC deep brain stimulation strategy for treatment-resistant depression.iScience · 2026Article
- Review
- Acute and long-term effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depressive episodes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized sham-controlled trials.Research square · 2026Article
- Accelerated Theta Burst Stimulation Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (iTBS-TMS)Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Clinical efficacy and safety of sequential accelerated theta burst stimulation for suicidal ideation in adults with major depressive disorder: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Esketamine use in real-world clinical practice in patients with treatment-resistant depression.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Brain Stimulation for Psychiatric Disorders: Emerging Evidence and New Perspectives.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Beyond Pharmacology: A Narrative Review of Alternative Therapies for Anxiety Disorders.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- TMS item number rules - what the evidence suggests.Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists · 2024Article
- Long-term repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: Report of two cases.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2024Article
- Anatomo-physiological basis and applied techniques of electrical neuromodulation in chronic pain.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2024Review
- A Case Series Study of Weekly or Fortnightly Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in Major Depressive Disorder.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Overcoming treatment-resistant depression with machine-learning based tools: a study protocol combining EEG and clinical data to personalize glutamatergic and brain stimulation interventions (SelecTool Project).Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Is maintenance needed for patients who responded to acute TMS therapy?Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has been approved by the FDA as an effective intervention for Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD). However, there is little evidence about maintenance protocol necessity. The aim of this systematic review is to identify, characterize, and evaluate the current maintenance TMS protocols for MDD and TRD patients who have received acute treatment. A literature search was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines of 2015 on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for publications up to March 2022. Fourteen articles were included. High protocol heterogeneity was observed. Most studies highlighted significant efficacy of maintenance protocols in decreasing relapse risk, suggesting that administering two or fewer stimulations per month is ineffective in sustaining an antidepressant effect or in reducing the risk of relapse in responder patients. The risk of relapse was most pronounced after five months from the acute treatment. Maintenance TMS appears to be a resourceful strategy to maintain acute antidepressant treatment effects, significantly reducing relapse risk. The ease of administering and the ability to monitor treatment adherence should be considered when evaluating the future use of maintenance TMS protocols. Further studies are needed to clarify the clinical relevance of overlapping acute TMS effects with maintenance protocols and to evaluate their long-term effectiveness.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.