ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Glutamine Deficiency Promotes Immune and Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in COVID-19.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- The Glutamine-α-Ketoglutarate Metabolic Axis Controls Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Function.Cells · 2026Article
- The Post-COVID syndrome caused by excessive inflammation: pathogenesis, potential targets and therapeutic agents.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- HUBMet: an integrative database and analytical platform for human blood metabolites and metabolite-protein associations.Genome biology · 2025Article
- ACE2: Friend or Foe in Post-COVID-19 Neurodegeneration?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Genes Encoding Heat Shock Proteins Are Associated with Risk and Clinical Course of Severe COVID-19: A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Review
- The Ever-Expanding Influence of the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Review
- Longitudinal study on immunologic, lipoproteomic, and inflammatory responses indicates the safety of sequential COVID-19 vaccination.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Article
- Identification of glutamine as a potential therapeutic target in dry eye disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Nitric Oxide in the Treatment of COVID-19: Nasal Sprays, Inhalants and Nanoparticles.Biochemistry research international · 2025Review
- Association between malnutrition and post-acute COVID-19 sequelae: A retrospective cohort study.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2024Article
- Glutamine Protects against Mouse Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm through Modulating VSMC Apoptosis and M1 Macrophage Activation.International journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused the death of almost 7 million people worldwide. While vaccinations and new antiviral drugs have greatly reduced the number of COVID-19 cases, there remains a need for additional therapeutic strategies to combat this deadly disease. Accumulating clinical data have discovered a deficiency of circulating glutamine in patients with COVID-19 that associates with disease severity. Glutamine is a semi-essential amino acid that is metabolized to a plethora of metabolites that serve as central modulators of immune and endothelial cell function. A majority of glutamine is metabolized to glutamate and ammonia by the mitochondrial enzyme glutaminase (GLS). Notably, GLS activity is upregulated in COVID-19, favoring the catabolism of glutamine. This disturbance in glutamine metabolism may provoke immune and endothelial cell dysfunction that contributes to the development of severe infection, inflammation, oxidative stress, vasospasm, and coagulopathy, which leads to vascular occlusion, multi-organ failure, and death. Strategies that restore the plasma concentration of glutamine, its metabolites, and/or its downstream effectors, in conjunction with antiviral drugs, represent a promising therapeutic approach that may restore immune and endothelial cell function and prevent the development of occlusive vascular disease in patients stricken with COVID-19.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.