ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Detailing Protein-Bound Uremic Toxin Interaction Mechanisms with Human Serum Albumin in the Pursuit of Designing Competitive Binders.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparing Ibuprofen and Loop Diuretics for Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins Clearance During Hemodialysis.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- 4-Ethyl phenyl sulfate binding to human serum albumin.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026Article
- An In Vitro System for Studying Toxin Transport Across Hemodialysis Membranes.Artificial organs · 2026Article
- A Comparative Review of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Small Molecule Versus Peptide Drug Discovery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- In Vitro Thrombogenicity Evaluation of Hemodialyzers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Serotonin, Kynurenine, and Indole Pathways of Tryptophan Metabolism in Humans in Health and Disease.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Effects of protein-supportive therapy on maternal and neonatal outcomes in patients with nephrotic syndrome during pregnancy.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Enhancing therapeutic strategies and drug development for patients with kidney disease.Expert opinion on drug safety · 2026Review
- Indoxyl sulfate in the gut-kidney axis: from diet-microbiome interactions to renal injury and targeted therapies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Clinical Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Relationships of Pharmacological Strategies for Attenuating p-Cresyl Sulfate in Patients with Kidney Disease.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2025Article
- Furosemide and Serum Protein-Bound Uremic Toxin Concentrations in Patients With CKD.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Human Serum Albumin Affinity for Putrescine Using ITC and STD-NMR.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Binding Capacity and Adsorption Stability of Uremic Metabolites to Albumin-Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Temporal Changes in Blood Metabolome Among Patients on Hemodialysis.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Plasma and Visceral Organ Kynurenine Metabolites Correlate in the Multiple Sclerosis Cuprizone Animal Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Gut microbiome dynamics of patients on dialysis: implications for complications and treatment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- A highly biocompatible polyethyleneimine/sulfonated polysulfone hemoperfusion microsphere with tailored surface charge for rapid and efficient removal of major protein-bound uremic toxins from simulated human plasma.Regenerative biomaterials · 2025Article
- Albumin coatings for counteracting uremic metabolites effects on host responses to biomaterials.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- The Choice of Anti-Inflammatory Influences the Elimination of Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins.Toxins · 2024Article
- Hemocompatibility of Albumin-Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is the gradual progression of kidney dysfunction and involves numerous co-morbidities, one of the leading causes of mortality. One of the primary complications of kidney dysfunction is the accumulation of toxins in the bloodstream, particularly protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs), which have a high affinity for plasma proteins. The buildup of PBUTs in the blood reduces the effectiveness of conventional treatments, such as hemodialysis. Moreover, PBUTs can bind to blood plasma proteins, such as human serum albumin, alter their conformational structure, block binding sites for other valuable endogenous or exogenous substances, and exacerbate the co-existing medical conditions associated with kidney disease. The inadequacy of hemodialysis in clearing PBUTs underscores the significance of researching the binding mechanisms of these toxins with blood proteins, with a critical analysis of the methods used to obtain this information. Here, we gathered the available data on the binding of indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, indole 3-acetic acid, hippuric acid, 3-carboxyl-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furan propanoic acid, and phenylacetic acid to human serum albumin and reviewed the common techniques used to investigate the thermodynamics and structure of the PBUT-albumin interaction. These findings can be critical in investigating molecules that can displace toxins on HSA and improve their clearance by standard dialysis or designing adsorbents with greater affinity for PBUTs than HSA.
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Registered trials
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