ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Relationship between Excreted Uremic Toxins and Degree of Disorder of Children with ASD.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recognition of the microbial metaboliteFrontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Indoxyl Sulfate and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Elevated microbially-derived metabolites in autism: a possible diagnostic screening test for a distinct ASD phenotype.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Faecal inflammatory protein markers in children with autism spectrum disorder are comparable to their healthy siblings.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Urinary metabolomic profiling in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome reveals microbial and mitochondrial signatures related to autism and psychosis risk.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- Urinary Uremic Toxin Signatures and the Metabolic Index of Gut Dysfunction (MIGD) in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Stool-Phenotype-Stratified Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Review
- Elevated Microbially-Derived Metabolites in Autism: A Possible Diagnostic Screening Test for a Distinct ASD Phenotype.Research square · 2025Article
- Systemic Uremic Toxin Burden in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Stratified Urinary Metabolite Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Review of Elevated Para-Cresol in Autism and Possible Impact on Symptoms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cross-generational mechanisms of maternal gut microbiota in modulating offspring autism spectrum disorder risk: from the gut-brain axis to translational challenges in precision interventions.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disorder in which communication and behavior are affected. A number of studies have investigated potential biomarkers, including uremic toxins. The aim of our study was to determine uremic toxins in the urine of children with ASD (143) and compare the results with healthy children (48). Uremic toxins were determined with a validated high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. We observed higher levels of p-cresyl sulphate (pCS) and indoxyl sulphate (IS) in the ASD group compared to the controls. Moreover, the toxin levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were lower in ASD patients. Similarly, for pCS and IS in children classified, according to the intensity of their symptoms, into mild, moderate, and severe, elevated levels of these compounds were observed. For mild severity of the disorder, elevated levels of TMAO and comparable levels of SDMA and ADMA for ASD children as compared to the controls were observed in the urine. For moderate severity of ASD, significantly elevated levels of TMAO but reduced levels of SDMA and ADMA were observed in the urine of ASD children as compared to the controls. When the results obtained for severe ASD severity were considered, reduced levels of TMAO and comparable levels of SDMA and ADMA were observed in ASD children.
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Registered trials
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