ReviewHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Long-Term Impact of COVID-19 on Heart Rate Variability: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.
Review in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Neurocardiac Autonomic Dysfunction in Patients With Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.European journal of neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Wearable Heart Rate Variability Monitoring, Autonomic Dysfunction and Post-exertional Malaise in Long COVID: An Observational Study.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- 'I Want Everyone to Have It, and Everyone to Be on It': A Feasibility Study of the Transforming Long Covid Intervention.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Digital physiological biomarkers predict within-person symptom changes in complex chronic illness.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- A single bout of submaximal aerobic functional capacity test acutely promotes endothelial function in long COVID patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Increased Arrhythmia Risk in Long COVID: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of arrhythmia · 2026Article
- Long-term cardiovascular impact of COVID-19 among hospitalised and non-hospitalised populations: a narrative synthesis review.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- The body and the brain keep the score: a data-driven conceptual model linking trauma and postural tachycardia syndrome.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- Associations between multidimensional fatigue and wearable-derived cardio-respiratory variables in post-COVID-19 patients: an observational study.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Long-term cognitive and autonomic effects of COVID-19 in young adults: a cross-sectional study at 28 months.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- The impact of long COVID on heart rate variability: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Assessment of autonomic function in patient with COVID-19 and other infectious diseases using a wearable smart band connected to a mobile application.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Inter- and intra-examiner reliability of short-term measurement of heart rate variability on rest in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- COVID-19-Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Cardiovascular Autonomic Control: A Prospective Cohort Study Nine Months after SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Examination of Cardiac Activity with ECG Monitoring Using Heart Rate Variability Methods.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Update: factors influencing heart rate variability-a narrative review.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
- Long term follow-up of heart rate variability in healthcare workers with mild COVID-19.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Physical Activity in Long COVID: A Comparative Study of Exercise Rehabilitation Benefits in Patients with Long COVID, Coronary Artery Disease and Fibromyalgia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in "Long COVID": pathophysiology, heart rate variability, and inflammatory markers.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) sequelae (or long COVID) has become a clinically significant concern. Several studies have reported the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) parameters and COVID-19. This review investigates the long-term association between COVID-19 and HRV parameters. Four electronic databases were searched up to 29 July 2022. We included observational studies comparing HRV parameters (measurement durations: 1 min or more) in participants with and without a history of COVID-19. We used assessment tools developed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute group to evaluate the methodological quality of included studies. Eleven cross-sectional studies compared HRV parameters in individuals who recovered from acute COVID-19 infection to controls (n = 2197). Most studies reported standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of the successive differences. The methodological quality of the included studies was not optimal. The included studies generally found decreased SDNN and parasympathetic activity in post-COVID-19 individuals. Compared to controls, decreases in SDNN were observed in individuals who recovered from COVID-19 or had long COVID. Most of the included studies emphasized parasympathetic inhibition in post-COVID-19 conditions. Due to the methodological limitations of measuring HRV parameters, the findings should be further validated by robust prospective longitudinal studies.
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