ArticleAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Animal Model Presents Retinal Alterations and Methylphenidate Has a Differential Effect in ADHD versus Control Conditions.
Article in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of different light spectra on locomotion, anxiety, and heart rate in spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Methylphenidate and Its Impact on Redox Balance and Behavior.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Methamphetamine-Induced Loss of Syndecan-1 and Retinal Endothelial Integrity via the TAAR-1/MMP-9 Pathway.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2025Article
- Modulating Multiple Molecular Trajectories by Nutraceuticals and/or Physical Activity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)-Like Behaviors in Rat Pups.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Article
- Retinal fundus imaging as biomarker for ADHD using machine learning for screening and visual attention stratification.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Novel hematologic ratios and systemic inflammation index in ADHD: effects of methylphenidate treatment.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography in Bipolar Disorder: A Scoping Review.Neuropsychobiology · 2025Article
- Changes in Cortisol and in Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress Indicators after ADHD Treatment.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- P2X4 signalling contributes to hyperactivity but not pain sensitization comorbidity in a mouse model of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders. Interestingly, children with ADHD seem to experience more ophthalmologic abnormalities, and the impact of methylphenidate (MPH) use on retinal physiology remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to unravel the retina's structural, functional, and cellular alterations and the impact of MPH in ADHD versus the control conditions. For that, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were used as animal models of ADHD and the controls, respectively. Animals were divided into four experimental groups as follows: WKY vehicle (Veh; tap water), WKY MPH (1.5 mg/kg/day), SHR Veh, SHR MPH. Individual administration was performed by gavage between P28-P55. Retinal physiology and structure were evaluated at P56 followed by tissue collection and analysis. The ADHD animal model presents the retinal structural, functional, and neuronal deficits, as well as the microglial reactivity, astrogliosis, blood-retinal barrier (BRB) hyperpermeability and a pro-inflammatory status. In this model, MPH had a beneficial effect on reducing microgliosis, BRB dysfunction, and inflammatory response, but did not correct the neuronal and functional alterations in the retina. Curiously, in the control animals, MPH showed an opposite effect since it impaired the retinal function, neuronal cells, and BRB integrity, and also promoted both microglia reactivity and upregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators. This study unveils the retinal alterations in ADHD and the opposite effects induced by MPH in the retina of ADHD and the control animal models.
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Registered trials
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