ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Exposure to Non-Antimicrobial Drugs and Risk of Infection with Antibiotic-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nonantibiotic-driven evolution reveals rare but predictable routes to broad antibiotic resistance.mBio · 2026Article
- Article
- Exploring alterations in the gut resistome in medically treated inflammatory bowel disease patients.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Genomic Analysis ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Emulation of a Target Trial to Estimate the Effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors on the Development of Antimicrobial-Resistant Infections using Electronic Health Record Data and Causal Machine Learning.AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has consistently been linked to antibiotic use. However, the roles of commonly prescribed non-antimicrobial drugs as drivers of AMR may be under-appreciated. Here, we studied a cohort of patients with community-acquired pyelonephritis and assessed the association of exposure to non-antimicrobial drugs at the time of hospital admission with infection with drug-resistant organisms (DRO). Associations identified on bivariate analyses were tested using a treatment effects estimator that models both outcome and treatment probability. Exposure to proton-pump inhibitors, beta-blockers, and antimetabolites was significantly associated with multiple resistance phenotypes. Clopidogrel, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and anti-Xa agents were associated with single-drug resistance phenotypes. Antibiotic exposure and indwelling urinary catheters were covariates associated with AMR. Exposure to non-antimicrobial drugs significantly increased the probability of AMR in patients with no other risk factors for resistance. Non-antimicrobial drugs may affect the risk of infection with DRO through multiple mechanisms. If corroborated using additional datasets, these findings offer novel directions for predicting and mitigating AMR.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.