WBM-DLNets: Wrapper-Based Metaheuristic Deep Learning Networks Feature Optimization for Enhancing Brain Tumor Detection.

This study presents wrapper-based metaheuristic deep learning networks (WBM-DLNets) feature optimization algorithms for brain tumor diagnosis using magnetic resonance imaging. Herein, 16 pretrained deep learning networks are used to compute the features. Eight metaheuristic optimization algorithms, namely, the marine predator algorithm, atom search optimization algorithm (ASOA), Harris hawks optimization algorithm, butterfly optimization algorithm, whale optimization algorithm, grey wolf optimization algorithm (GWOA), bat algorithm, and firefly algorithm, are used to evaluate the classification performance using a support vector machine (SVM)-based cost function. A deep-learning network selection approach is applied to determine the best deep-learning network. Finally, all deep features of the best deep learning networks are concatenated to train the SVM model. The proposed WBM-DLNets approach is validated based on an available online dataset. The results reveal that the classification accuracy is significantly improved by utilizing the features selected using WBM-DLNets relative to those obtained using the full set of deep features. DenseNet-201-GWOA and EfficientNet-b0-ASOA yield the best results, with a classification accuracy of 95.7%. Additionally, the results of the WBM-DLNets approach are compared with those reported in the literature.