ArticlePsychopharmacology2023
Sex-dependent divergence in the effects of GLP-1 agonist exendin-4 on alcohol reinforcement and reinstatement in C57BL/6J mice.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review on the role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on alcohol-related behaviors: potential therapeutic strategy for alcohol use disorder.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2025Pooled it
- The potential role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in substance use disorders - a systematic review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Searching for New Pharmacological Treatments of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD): Focus on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Tirzepatide attenuates mesolimbic cocaine-evoked dopamine levels and reduces cocaine taking, motivation and seeking behaviours in male rodents.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Efficacy of GLP-1 analog peptides, semaglutide, tirzepatide, and retatrutide on MC4R deficient obesity and their comparison.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- GLP-1 at the Metabolic-Cognitive Interface: Reward, Affect, and Memory.Comprehensive physiology · 2026Review
- Incretin-Based Therapies: A Novel Pathway in Addiction Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- GLP-1 agonist liraglutide decreases operant methamphetamine intake in rats under conditions of short- but not extended-access to the drug.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- FGF21 analogue PF-05231023 on alcohol consumption and neuronal activity in the nucleus accumbens.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Research to Treat Overeating and Substance Use Disorders.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Review
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, but not dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, reduce alcohol intake.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Promising Therapeutic Targets for Alcohol Use Disorder.Endocrinology · 2025Review
- An analysis on the role of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in cognitive and mental health disorders.Nature. Mental health · 2025Article
- Effect of acute treatment with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide, and estrus phase on cue- and drug-induced fentanyl seeking in female rats.Behavioural pharmacology · 2025Article
- Activation of the HPA Axis Does Not Explain Nonresponsiveness to GLP-1R Agonist Treatment in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes · 2025Article
- Individual and sex differences in frontloading behavior and approach- avoidance conflict preference predict addiction-like ethanol seeking in rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist semaglutide on alcohol consumption in alcohol-preferring male vervet monkeys.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- The Connection Between the Appetite-Regulatory Peptides Ghrelin and GLP-1 and Alcohol Use Disorder.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- IUPHAR review - Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and substance use disorders: An emerging pharmacotherapeutic target.Pharmacological research · 2024Review
- Sex-based impact of pancreatic islet stressors in GluCreERT2/Rosa26-eYFP mice.The Journal of endocrinology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleAlcohol use disorder remains a leading cause of preventable deaths, and current treatments have limited efficacy. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists can reduce alcohol drinking in preclinical studies, but mechanisms are still not fully understood, and data in female subjects are scarce.
objectivesTo assess whether the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 could decrease alcohol-seeking behavior in the absence of alcohol consumption or intoxication, to compare the potency and efficacy of exendin-4 in the reduction of alcohol seeking vs. alcohol taking, and to compare effects between male and female mice.
methodsMale and female C57BL/6J mice were trained to self-administer 20% alcohol under an FR 1 schedule of reinforcement. After extinction, systemic exendin-4 (saline, 1.8, and 3.2 μg/kg) was tested in cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking. Effects of exendin-4 on alcohol self-administration were tested in a separate group.
resultsExendin-4 suppressed reinstatement of alcohol seeking to extinction levels, at both doses, in the male mice, but had no effect in the female mice. Both doses of exendin-4 also significantly decreased alcohol self-administration in male mice; females again showed less pronounced effects.
conclusionsIn male mice, exendin-4 appeared more effective at suppressing alcohol seeking in the absence of alcohol relative to alcohol self-administration, consistent with modulation of alcohol reward or inhibitory control, rather than satiety or aversive effects of alcohol. We saw marked sex differences with less effect of exendin-4 in female mice, and it will be important to include both sexes in further investigations into GLP-1 receptor agonists.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.