ArticleThe British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners2023
Prognostic factors for persistent fatigue after COVID-19: a prospective matched cohort study in primary care.
Article in The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Resting-state functional connectivity alterations after mild COVID-19 infection.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Associations between depression, resilience, and fatigue in patients with multivessel coronary disease: A cross-lag study.International journal of nursing sciences · 2025Article
- Long COVID: A Comprehensive Overview of the Signs and Symptoms across Multiple Organ Systems.Korean journal of family medicine · 2024Article
- Psychological factors associated with Long COVID: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Post-COVID-19 Fatigue: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cureus · 2024Review
- The burden of persistent symptom diagnoses in primary care patients: a cross-sectional study.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundPersistent fatigue after COVID-19 is common; however, the exact incidence and prognostic factors differ between studies. Evidence suggests that age, female sex, high body mass index, and comorbidities are risk factors for long COVID.
aimTo investigate the prevalence of persistent fatigue after COVID-19 in patients with a mild infection (managed in primary care) during the first wave of the pandemic and to determine prognostic factors for persistent fatigue. DESIGN AND
settingThis was a prospective cohort study in Dutch general practice, combining online questionnaires with data from electronic health records.
methodPatients who contacted their GP between March and May 2020 and were diagnosed with COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic were included. Patients were matched to controls without COVID-19 based on age, sex, and GP practice. Fatigue was measured at 3, 6, and 15 months, using the Checklist of Individual Strength.
resultsAll the participants were GP attendees and included 179 with suspected COVID-19, but who had mild COVID and who had not been admitted to hospital with COVID, and 122 without suspected COVID-19. Persistent fatigue was present in 35% (49/142) of the suspected COVID-19 group and 13% (14/109) of the non-COVID-19 group (odds ratio 3.65; 95% confidence interval = 1.82 to 7.32). Prognostic factors for persistent fatigue included low education level, absence of a partner, high neuroticism (using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised-Short Form), low resilience, high frequency of GP contact, medication use, and threatening experiences in the past. The latter three factors appeared to be prognostic factors for persistent fatigue specifically after COVID-19 infection.
conclusionGP patients with COVID-19 (who were not admitted to hospital with COVID) have a fourfold higher chance of developing persistent fatigue than GP patients who had not had COVID-19. This risk is even higher in psychosocially vulnerable patients who had COVID-19.
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