Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37104613›Full record

ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2023

Bacterial spore germination receptors are nutrient-gated ion channels.

Yongqiang Gao, Jeremy D Amon, Lior Artzi, Fernando H Ramírez-Guadiana, Kelly P Brock, Joshua C Cofsky, Deborah S Marks, Andrew C Kruse, David Z Rudner

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed
32.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. mBio · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Early activation of bioenergetic metabolism powers bacterial spore germination.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  13. Fast-growingbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  14. Structural and functional analysis ofMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Germination ofJournal of bacteriology · 2025
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Yongqiang Gao *Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5871-8651
Jeremy D Amon *Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8748-5228
Lior Artzi *Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3003-4087
Fernando H Ramírez-GuadianaDepartment of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2814-5274
Kelly P BrockDepartment of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5236-3773
Joshua C CofskyDepartment of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5403-8555
Deborah S MarksDepartment of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Andrew C KruseDepartment of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1467-1222
David Z RudnerDepartment of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0236-7143
Harvard University · US

Funding

Chromosome Dynamics in Bacillus SubtillsR01GM086466 · NIGMS · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI RUDNER, DAVID Z · 2009 to 2021
$4.2M
Molecular basis of spore germinationR01AI164647 · NIAID · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI Andrew Kruse, DAVID Z RUDNER · 2022 to 2026
$4.2M
Growth and differentiation in Bacillus subtilisR35GM145299 · NIGMS · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI DAVID Z RUDNER · 2022 to 2026
$2.9M
Cell Envelope Homeostasis in Bacillus subtilisR01GM127399 · NIGMS · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI RUDNER, DAVID Z · 2019 to 2022
$1.4M
Identification and characterization of a comprehensive set of factors required for sporulation and germination in Bacillus anthracisR21AI171308 · NIAID · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI RUDNER, DAVID Z · 2022 to 2023
$466k
Molecular Mechanisms of Spore GerminationF32GM130003 · NIGMS · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI AMON, JEREMY DAVID · 2018 to 2021
$223k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI164647NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI171308NIGMS NIH HHS F32 GM130003NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM086466NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM127399NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM145299
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacterial spores resist antibiotics and sterilization and can remain metabolically inactive for decades, but they can rapidly germinate and resume growth in response to nutrients. Broadly conserved receptors embedded in the spore membrane detect nutrients, but how spores transduce these signals remains unclear. Here, we found that these receptors form oligomeric membrane channels. Mutations predicted to widen the channel initiated germination in the absence of nutrients, whereas those that narrow it prevented ion release and germination in response to nutrients. Expressing receptors with widened channels during vegetative growth caused loss of membrane potential and cell death, whereas the addition of germinants to cells expressing wild-type receptors triggered membrane depolarization. Therefore, germinant receptors act as nutrient-gated ion channels such that ion release initiates exit from dormancy.

Indexed as

Bacillus megateriumBacillus subtilisBacterial ProteinsIon ChannelsSpores, BacterialMembrane ProteinsMutationBacterial ProteinsGerAA protein, Bacillus subtilisIon ChannelsMembrane Proteins

Identifiers

PMID37104613
PMCPMC11154005
OpenAlexW4367173632

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.