ArticlePloS one2023
Protective mucosal and systemic immunity induced by virus-like particles expressing Toxoplasma gondii cyst wall protein.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances and Translational Challenges inVeterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Protection AgainstPharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Nanoparticle-Based Vaccines Against Toxoplasma gondii: Immunological Rationale, Platform Strategies, and Translational Challenges.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Review
- Engineering strategies and decision frameworks for virus-like particle-based vaccines against infectious diseases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Vaccinia virus expressing MIC8 and AMA1 provides protection against Toxoplasma gondii ME49 infection.Parasites, hosts and diseases · 2025Article
- Influenza virus-like particles presentingNanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Article
- Efficacy of Heterologous Vaccination Using Virus-Like Particles and Vaccinia Virus Containing MIC8 and AMA1 Proteins ofVaccines · 2025Article
- Protective Efficacy Induced by Virus-like Particles Expressing Dense Granule Protein 5 ofVaccines · 2025Article
- Applications of virus-like particles in the prevention of protozoan parasite infection.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Mucosal adjuvanticity and mucosal booster effect of colibactin-depleted probioticHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Analysis of the Correlation BetweenPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Effective factors in the pathogenesis ofHeliyon · 2024Review
- Heterologous immunization targeting the CST1 antigen confers better protection than ROP18 in mice.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii host cellular invasion factors such as the rhoptry proteins, micronemal antigens, or other subcellular compartment proteins have shown limited vaccine efficacies. T. gondii cyst wall protein (CST1) as a cyst persistence factor is critical for cyst wall integrity and bradyzoite persistence. Here, we generated influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) expressing the T. gondii CST1 and evaluated the mucosal as well as systemic immunities induced by VLPs. Intranasal immunization with the VLPs induced parasite-specific IgG and IgA antibody responses in sera and intestines. VLP immunization showed higher levels of germinal center B cell response and antibody-secreting cell (ASC) response upon challenge infection, indicating memory B cell response was induced. VLP-immunized mice showed a significant reduction of cyst counts and lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6) production in the brain upon T. gondii ME49 challenge infection compared to unimmunized control. Thus, VLP immunization protected mice from the lethal dose challenge infection with T. gondii ME49 and did not incur bodyweight loss. These results indicated that T. gondii CST1 containing VLPs can induce mucosal and systemic immunity and also suggest its developmental potential as an effective vaccine candidate against T. gondii infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.