ArticleJCI insight2023
Heterologous versus homologous boosting elicits qualitatively distinct, BA.5-cross-reactive T cells in transplant recipients.
Article in JCI insight, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Conserved CD4 T-cell responses correlate with antibody neutralization in solid organ transplant recipients after bivalent SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Pregnancy reduces COVID-19 vaccine immunity against novel variants.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Vaccination Strategies: Mixing Paths Versus Matching Tracks.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Rapid Wane and Recovery of XBB Sublineage Neutralization After Sequential Omicron-based Vaccination in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Neutralizing antibody responses and cellular responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- T-cell receptor sequencing reveals selected donor-reactive CD8American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2024Article
- COVID-19 vaccination induces distinct T-cell responses in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients and immunocompetent children.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Bivalent mRNA COVID vaccines elicit predominantly cross-reactive CD4Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of heterologous and homologous COVID-19 vaccination among immunocompromised individuals: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 subvariant escapes vaccination-induced neutralizing antibodies because of mutations in the spike (S) protein. Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) develop high COVID-19 morbidity and poor Omicron variant recognition after COVID-19 vaccination. T cell responses may provide a second line of defense. Therefore, understanding which vaccine regimens induce robust, conserved T cell responses is critical.MethodsWe evaluated anti-S IgG titers, subvariant pseudo-neutralization, and S-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses from SOTRs in a national, prospective, observational trial (n = 75). Participants were selected if they received 3 doses of mRNA (homologous boosting) or 2 doses of mRNA followed by Ad26.COV2.S (heterologous boosting).ResultsHomologous boosting with 3 mRNA doses induced the highest anti-S IgG titers. However, antibodies induced by both vaccine regimens demonstrated lower pseudo-neutralization against BA.5 compared with the ancestral strain. In contrast, vaccine-induced S-specific T cells maintained cross-reactivity against BA.5 compared with ancestral recognition. Homologous boosting induced higher frequencies of activated polyfunctional CD4+ T cell responses, with polyfunctional IL-21+ peripheral T follicular helper cells increased in mRNA-1273 compared with BNT162b2. IL-21+ cells correlated with antibody titers. Heterologous boosting with Ad26.COV2.S did not increase CD8+ responses compared to homologous boosting.ConclusionBoosting with the ancestral strain can induce cross-reactive T cell responses against emerging variants in SOTRs, but alternative vaccine strategies are required to induce robust CD8+ T cell responses.FundingBen-Dov Family; NIH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) K24AI144954, NIAID K08AI156021, NIAID K23AI157893, NIAID U01AI138897, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases T32DK007713, and National Cancer Institute 1U54CA260492; Johns Hopkins Vice Dean of Research Support for COVID-19 Research in Immunopathogenesis; and Emory COVID-19 research repository.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.