ArticleJAMA network open2023
Evaluation of Birth by Cesarean Delivery and Development of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer.
Article in JAMA network open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cesarean delivery and blood DNA methylation at birth and childhood: Meta-analysis in the Pregnancy and Childhood Epigenetics Consortium.Science advances · 2024Pooled it
- Shaping the future of early-onset colorectal cancer prevention.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Article
- Risk Factors in Sporadic Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer, Current Evidence and Emerging Insights: A Systematic Review.Cancers · 2026Review
- Accelerating discovery of cancer causes for prevention in the era of rising early-onset cancers.Cell · 2026Review
- Age-diet interactions significantly influence intratumoral gene expression, gut microbiome signature and tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Association of cesarean section with breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular and clinical oncology · 2025Article
- Can Vaginal Seeding at Birth Improve Health Outcomes of Cesarean Section-Delivered Infants? A Scoping Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Decoding the genetic and environmental forces in propelling the surge of early-onset colorectal cancer.Chinese medical journal · 2025Review
- Fertility in young-onset colorectal patients with cancer: a review.The oncologist · 2024Review
- Early-onset cancers: Biological bases and clinical implications.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Review
- Birth Cohort Colorectal Cancer (CRC): Implications for Research and Practice.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2024Review
- Pharmaceutical Agents as Potential Drivers in the Development of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: Case-Control Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Importance: The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC), diagnosed younger than 50 years of age, has increased worldwide. Gut dysbiosis throughout the life course is hypothesized as a leading mechanism, yet epidemiologic data are limited. Objective: To prospectively examine the association between birth by cesarean delivery and early-onset CRC among offspring. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this population-based, nationwide case-control study in Sweden, adults diagnosed with CRC between 18 and 49 years of age from 1991 to 2017 were identified through the Epidemiology Strengthened by Histopathology Reports in Sweden (ESPRESSO) cohort. Up to 5 general population control individuals without CRC were matched with each case on age, sex, calendar year, and county of residence. Pathology-confirmed end points were linked with the Swedish Medical Birth Register and other national registers. Analyses were conducted from March 2022 through March 2023. Exposure: Birth by cesarean delivery. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was development of early-onset CRC in the overall population and by sex. Results: We identified 564 case patients with incident early-onset CRC (mean [SD] age, 32.9 [6.2] years; 284 [50.4%] male) and 2180 matched controls (mean [SD] age, 32.7 [6.3] years; 1104 [50.6%] male). Compared with vaginal delivery, birth by cesarean delivery was not associated with early-onset CRC in the overall population (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.28; 95% CI, 0.91-1.79) after multivariable adjustment for matching and maternal and pregnancy-related factors. A positive association was found for females (aOR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.01-2.60), but there was no association for males (aOR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.64-1.72). Conclusions and Relevance: In this nationwide, population-based case-control study, birth by cesarean delivery was not associated with early-onset CRC compared with birth by vaginal delivery in the overall population in Sweden. However, females born by cesarean delivery had greater odds of early-onset CRC compared with individuals born through vaginal delivery. This finding suggests that early-life gut dysbiosis may contribute to early-onset CRC in females.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.