ArticleJournal of Intelligence2023
Age-Related Trajectories of General Fluid Cognition and Functional Decline in the Health and Retirement Study: A Bivariate Latent Growth Analysis.
Article in Journal of Intelligence, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations of mobility and frailty risk with wayfinding ability in aging.Behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Assessment of Functional Capacity and Its Sociodemographic and Health Determinants in Older Adults from a Region of Peru.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2026Article
- Is the MMSE enough for MCI? A narrative review of the usefulness of the MMSE.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Review
- Study on the age-period-cohort effects of cognitive abilities among older Chinese adults based on the cognitive reserve hypothesis.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
There have been few studies on associations between age-related declines in fluid cognition and functional ability in population-representative samples of middle-aged and older adults. We used a two-stage process (longitudinal factor analysis followed by structural growth modeling) to estimate bivariate trajectories of age-related changes in general fluid cognition (numeracy, category fluency, executive functioning, and recall memory) and functional limitation (difficulties in daily activities, instrumental activities, and mobility). Data came from the Health and Retirement Study (Waves 2010-2016; N = 14,489; ages 50-85 years). Cognitive ability declined on average by -0.05 SD between ages 50-70 years, then -0.28 SD from 70-85 years. Functional limitation increased on average by +0.22 SD between ages 50-70 years, then +0.68 SD from 70-85 years. Significant individual variation in cognitive and functional changes was observed across age windows. Importantly, cognitive decline in middle age (pre-age 70 years) was strongly correlated with increasing functional limitation (
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